Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Examination proposition - Essay Example 1-14, 2007) are offering web based financial administrations and internet exchanging administrations to their clients and purchasers around the world. Moreover, different money related organizations are engaged with remembering new mechanical updates for their frameworks that is empowering them to offer proficient types of assistance to their clients. In the outcome, reports (Mannan, pp. 1-14, 2007) demonstrate colossal addition in the quantity of clients of web based financial administrations that show adjustment in the purchaser conduct, and in this manner, banking establishments are proceeding with their updates, and simultaneously, trying to guarantee security and wellbeing of customer’s cash. As it were, one can talk from such examination (Azari, pp. 55-60, 2003) that data innovation has totally modified the idea of banking and exchanging an undeniable way because of incorporation of computerization in pretty much every procedure that has made lives simpler. Be that as it may, at present, in middle of such broad measure of advances, specialists and scientists (Yap, pp. 440-445, 2006) accept that budgetary establishments are as yet unequipped for giving 100% security to their clients. In any event, showcasing pamphlets and ad materials demonstrate significant level security; be that as it may, contemplates (Oyungerel, p p. 39-56, 2008) have demonstrated that even money related establishments are themselves not secure with their case in the commercials. Also, various reports (Mannan, pp .1-14, 2007) have demonstrated instances of data fraud, Visa burglary, financial balance burglaries, and so forth that shows the powerlessness of web based banking or web based exchanging administrations. Albeit different specialists (Mohay, pp. 23-39, 2003) have valued the effect of mechanical headways as internet banking; be that as it may, examination of assets has recognized various reports (O’Gara, pp. 59-64, 2004) that have perceived defenseless nature of on the web

Hydro One – Essay

Hydro one causes it to examine the dangers and openings in an incorporated way to improve the allotment of assets. It likewise empowers it to get ready for the changing corporate administration necessities, deregulation of business sectors and future dangers Like OLL spill and so on. The procedure of ERM at Hydro one includes the distinguishing proof of 50-70 business dangers which are then diminished to ten most critical dangers through meetings and center groups.Voting is cultivated utilizing the Delphi Method to rapidly recognize and organize dangers dependent on the touched off and likelihood so as to concentrate on significant dangers. Five point hazard resistance scale from Minor to most pessimistic scenario Is utilized to assess the Impact of a hazard on the corporate targets and five point likelihood rating scale is utilized to appraise the likelihood of the hazard emerging. Every venture program is assessed as far as the expense and seriousness of the hazard It endeavors to mitigate.Capital consumptions are assigned to the organize speculation ventures as indicated by the best by and large hazard decrease per dollar spent (Bang for the buck list). In general hazard score is doled out to every mix of effect and likelihood evaluation. It is a sound and better-planned procedure for apportioning capital as: 1 . It improves the capital use process and can enable the firm to choose an ideal arrangement of activities. 2. It empowers the firm to designate the duty to deal with the hazard to the hazard proprietor while making hazard mindfulness a basic piece of organization culture. . The organization FICO assessment given by S&P, Moody improved bringing about lower credit costs for the numerous as the organization displayed Improvements in productivity. 4. The procedure considers the advantages of hazard decrease In a wide array of hazard classes (administrative, money related, dependability, security, notoriety) and surveys the subjective effect of differ ent dangers too. 5. It enables the organization to accomplish an ideal harmony between business dangers and returns.Thus, the ERM execution process utilizes an assortment of instruments and procedures, including the â€Å"Delphi Method,† hazard patterns, chance maps, chance resiliences, chance tops off, and chance rankings and so on. It has prevailing With regards to beating the vast majority of the issues as follows: * The utilization of Delphi strategy encourages open conversations and makes directors shed their unbending perspectives and build up a typical comprehension of the dangers. They can agree on the corporate arrangement for proportioning activity and the assets to oversee such dangers. The consideration of top administration is made sure about by upholding that hazard the executives Is everybody's obligation, from the Board of Directors to singular representatives. The grouping of dangers empowers the administrative regard for be focused on high hazard factors. * As dangers are ceaselessly developing and the size and likelihood of a specific hazard is influenced by the Internal controls (relief endeavors previously) just as the outer changes In the earth. Therefore, checking and detailing are crucial to compelling administration of business risks.Hydro one occupied with broad surveys and 1 OFF Incorporated outside perspectives In ten corporate rills chatter Walt ten Nell AT connects room different sources like workshops, media filters alongside organized meetings with the best 40 to 50 officials together. * Regulatory consistence is guaranteed through a different characterization of administrative dangers and potential loss of believability. Therefore, the hazard based venture arranging framework has yielded numerous advantages for the firm, however as the dangers looked by the firm are changing, the organization ceaselessly needs to consolidate those dangers in its ERM framework so as to prevail with regards to accomplishing its system.

Can you pass SIPAs Econ 101 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Can you pass SIPAs Econ 101 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As the start of the fall semester  draws nearer, I thought it would be useful for everyone  to sample SIPAs  quantitative  curriculum. Our former PA  Dario Martinez, MIA 15, ran with the idea, and we developed a brief quiz of the material that was covered in his economics classes. This quiz serves two purposes: it hints that the curriculum may be challenging and that incoming students might want to take the free math tutorial; and it  reminds  prospective students of the importance that is placed on strong quantitative abilities so they can better tailor their applications to SIPA (taking additional coursework, performing well on standardized tests, etc.). Just  keep in mind this is a sample quiz taken from several courses at SIPA, and it should not be used as the only measurement of your abilities. (In other words, have fun with it!)** Even if you dont do very well on this sample quiz, thats OK. Every summer SIPA offers an Online Summer Math Tutorial for incoming students, and then those concepts are reinforced during in-person sessions at orientation. And yes, to get the most out of your experience at SIPA, its  always  recommended that you  enroll in the Online Summer Math Tutorial. (All  incoming students received details via email on June 15, 2015.) Before you take the sample quiz, read what Dario had to say about his economics classes at SIPA: SIPA’s rigorous academic curriculum was one of the key aspects that attracted me to the program.  Although stressful and daunting at times, I was able to overcome this challenge through perseverance, hard work, and by taking advantage of the academic support available at SIPA (e.g. tutoring, office hours, and recitations). I was also very happy that I reviewed the Summer Math Tutorial material prior to starting my first year. The math tutorial definitely helped prepare me for my economics and finance classes.  I still remember sitting in my Economic Analysis I and II classes and recalling the concepts I learned in the math tutorial as Dr. Emanuele Guerratana and Dr. Andrea Bubula were discussing them in their lectures. They were definitely two of the best professors I have ever had because they both pushed me to develop a deeper understanding of the topics, while making the learning experience both engaging and fun. Their problem sets and tests definitely required that you applied the concepts learned in class to find the solution to real-life situations. Interestingly, the solutions were not always intuitive and that is why you often needed to use a mathematical approach to finding the answer. While reminiscing on these classroom experiences, I realize how much I learned and how fortunate I was to have access to some of the best professors in the world. Thus, I prepared a small quiz to challenge our new SIPA students. (I wanted to see how they would answer similar questions to the ones I did in class.) Regardless of their concentration, I think this small quiz will provide all incoming students with a better understanding of the topics covered in class and the importance of the math camp. I used the materials that were covered in my first-year classes to prepare these questions. Don’t get discouraged if you can’t answer some of these questions correctly because you’ll cover all of the material in your classes, including the math tutorial. Let’s see how you do in this 10-item questionnaire! Click here to take it, and then share your comments on social media.** Dario Martinez, MIA 15 **UPDATE: It seems the quiz platform isnt calculating test results. Click here to download the answer key to compare your responses to the correct answers.

Psych 106 Developmental Psychology Term Paper - 2198 Words

Psych 106: Developmental Psychology Term Paper 1. According to Robert Sternberg, love goes through 3 stages of love he calls â€Å"The three dimension of love; passion, intimacy, and commitment. Sternberg believes when you go through the three dimension of love, there are also seven different type of love. The seven different type of love is liking, infatuation, empty love, romantic love, fatuous love, companionate love, and consummate love. The first dimension of love is passion; it is the process where we first start falling in love with a partner. Passion is what I call the â€Å"getting to know each other† stage of a relationship. The second part of the three dimension of love is intimacy. Intimacy is when you feel close to a person whether it’s emotionally or physically. It is also a stage where you share your deepest secret about you to the person who you feel that you’re in love with. Intimacy is where you feel the closest in your relationship. The third and final stage of the three dimension of love is commitment. Commitment is the phase where people decide that being with that one person is enough and they would spend the rest of their life being together that leads to marriage and children. I feel that Sternberg’s dimension of love is associated to Erikson’s intimacy vs. isolation. â€Å"Adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment. Without such commitment, they risk profound aloneness and isolation.† (Berger, p.525) I believeShow MoreRelatedMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pageshuge amounts of fast-moving and complex behavior are just a few of the challenges. Whether a researcher is simply observing from afar or finding a participant-observer role in the setting, some contexts may present dangers. Street ethnography is a term that describes research settings which can be dangerous, either physically or emotionally, such as working with the police (as Manning did, described in Chapter 3), drug users, cults, and situations in which political or social tensions may erupt intoRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesDavid Levy  ©Michael Eudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recordingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagescant? Or can you show that her reasoning isnt any good? One way to support a statement is to point out that the person making it is an expert. So you think about Juanitas and Emilios credentials. Lets see—Juanita is a student majoring in psychology, and Emilio is a communications major and works at a pet store. Does that make them authorities on Giardia and the safety of drinking water? No. So if you need an expert, you will have to search elsewhere. But you ask yourself: Is it really worth

Validity - Appropriateness Of The Instrument - 758 Words

Validity - 131 – appropriateness of the interpretations of the instrument used in studies. The score of the verbal portion of the SAT, measures the student’s vocabulary. The same portion will not measure the student’s mathematical ability. 2. Reliability - 137 – the extent of consistency, stability, and dependability of scores of the participants and/or rater. If using more than one grader, the graders should trained together and produce similar scores. 3. Equivalence – 138 – the connection or relationship of two forms of the same test given to the same group of participants and comparing the scores of two different administrators. In a classroom setting, giving the same students two forms of equivalent tests (with the same content and level of difficulty) to determine if the graders produce similar scores. 4. Norm-referenced – 148 – interpretations that compare the participants with other participants, who have taken the same test, who are a well-defined reference group. This reference group should have similar characteristics; such as, age and grade level. Their performance is then measured in a rank order that measures the participant’s ability to others. National standardized tests usually report national norms, so that the score is compared to students across the nation. McMillan, J. H. (2012). Educational research: Fundamentals for the consumer (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. 5. Criterion-referenced – 149 – interpretations that compare the participants with aShow MoreRelatedBusiness Continuity Research921 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Continuity Research Research methods should contain research questions and hypothesis, present a research design, discuss participants, instruments used, the procedure, a data analysis plan, and the sample size justification (Anon., n.d.). The research design methods should be discussed, such as whether it was quantitative, qualitative, or mixed. The quantitative method assesses the participant responses on a measure. The qualitative method is a semi-structured interview that gets transcribedRead MoreSelf Monitoring And Self Monitor1068 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems expressing views and have little issue in case (s)he is around those who disagree.   Research discusses individual differences.   Those with high self-monitoring look to others to see â€Å"appropriate† emotional states (learned concern for appropriateness).   It is stated that if you are a low self-monitor, you have a tendency to be more spontaneous, and carefree.    Introduction: Self-monitors are generally concerned about how they are perceived and will change behavior to adapt to the situationRead MoreAnalysis Of Mullen Rhoadsrbtm7109-2 : Develop And Apply A Personal Toolkit1622 Words   |  7 Pagesethical permission granted for the research? 6. Were all the terms, theories and concepts discussed in the study unmistakably defined? 7. Is the research design clearly identified including a description of the data gathering instrument, its appropriateness, reliability and validity? 8. Was an appropriate measure used to analyze data and what was it? 9. Were any findings connected to the literature review, were any hypothesis supported, and were the findings appropriately presented? 10. Were theRead MoreQuestions On Material And Methods849 Words   |  4 Pagesaviation department at Auburn University, a refined draft of the questionnaire was distributed to 24 hotel managers (pilot study) in the US and Egypt. Based on feedback received from these managers, the instrument was modified to enhance readability, ambiguity, completeness, clarity and appropriateness of the questionnaire. Based on manager feedbacks and the reliability test of the pilot study, five items (R4, IP2, IP3, SRP5, ICP7) that had low loadings were excluded at the initial stage. 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Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs Free Essays

Starbucks facing brand culture devaluation and massive layoffs To: Howard Schultz, Starbucks From: Yang LU, Aspire CC: Rui DONG Xiaochen DONG Vanessa BAXTER Pushpak BERIWAL Executive summary The aim of this report is to find out the deep-seated reason for this depression of Starbucks and give a recommendation to the firm to deal with it. Furthermore, this report also suggests solutions to dismiss the panic of the staff and remains the excellent performance. The key findings include: Finding 1: The over-expansion made Starbucks’ unique culture of the â€Å"Starbucks experience† devalued and seemed no difference with other fast food restaurants. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs or any similar topic only for you Order Now This caused employees’ less well performance and therefore it lost customers’ loyalty as well. Finding 2:The employees felt dissatisfied with the rewards and treated customers with less effort while the unacceptable massive layoffs made a panic. The recommendations suggested by this report include: Recommendation 1:â€Å"Decentralization†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Remove number of outlets away from each other and slow down the pace of opening new stores in the US or concentrate on the unexploited market space in other countries. Recommendation 2:Increasing the compensation given to the members asked to leave and suggesting them do some other suitable jobs. The firm can also make a promise that these employees would be considered first when hiring candidates in the future after the most difficult times. Furthermore, keep the employees’ payment stable and hold some activities inspiring to promote people to tide Starbucks over difficulties together. This report describes the findings after applying theories to analyse the issue which claimed the trouble that Starbucks was facing. For years, Starbucks was famous for its consistent growing and expansion. However, the both share price and sales fell even three times than before since 2008. The â€Å"Starbucks experience† (Michelle, 2007) was widely supposed to have been diluted and the customers complained that the staff seemed to be less complaisant since they found Starbucks Ubiquitous. A resource from MarketWatch: Global Round-up (2008) reported that Starbucks had been forced to close 600 US stores and axe 12,000 jobs which took almost 7% of its global workforce which had made negative effect on other employees. The aim of the report is to find out the deep-seated reason for this depression and give a recommendation to the firm to deal with it. Furthermore, this report also suggests solutions to dismiss the panic of the staff and remain the performance. Key issues identified by Aspire | Key issue| Champion| | Over-expansion caused Starbucks’ brand devaluation and massive layoffs. | Yang Lu| 2| Starbucks’ two non-payment methods of motivating employees. | Rui Dong| 3| Starbucks changed people-oriented culture into profit-oriented culture. | Xiaochen Dong| 4| Kraft foods taking Starbucks to court over the planned termination of its contract to distribute Starbucks packaged coffee. | Vanessa Baxter| 5| Starbucks is a very command and control driven compa ny which leads to very little flexibility and decision making power at certain regional stores. Pushpak Beriwal| Justification of key issues over-expansion caused culture devaluation and massive layoffs Fast-forward 20 years, Starbucks had more than 10,000 American outlets till 2008 from only 84 US stores in 1990 (Smale, 2008). This sharply increased number made Starbucks seem to be omnipresent like other fast food stores. As a result, this change took a negative effect that the members in this group feel less proud of their jobs in Starbucks which was famous for its unique culture and therefore had less passion to satisfy the customers. From Schein’s (2004) theory of culture components, Starbucks fell to the basic level of culture instead of the highest one it got before. Starbucks finally cut over 10,000 jobs which were most in the US in the last two years during the reforming and also cut the employees’ compensation and holiday (Kiley, 2009). By Maslow’s (1970) â€Å"a hierarchy of needs†, Starbucks could not make staff satisfied by the physiological needs and de-motivated other members. The dissatisfied emotion would reflect on their performance. Findings from analyzing issue over-expansion caused brand devaluation and massive layoffs Starbucks was famous for the unique culture that to give all the customers the relaxed feel and atmosphere as a third place out of home and office which called â€Å"Starbucks experience†. This culture is in the second and near the third level of the â€Å"components of cultures† with espoused beliefs and values and basic underlying assumptions which was identified by Schein (2004). Starbucks published its beliefs and values to make the members love their jobs and enjoy the experience in Starbucks to treat customers with their heart and satisfy them and to attract new members or partners to join in the group through the unique brand culture. Guided by market, Yang (2010) has provided evidence that brand culture was aims at achieving the maximization of organizations’ profits obtained and customers’ loyalty by establishing common values which could influence the movements and behavior of the members within a company based on the amalgamation of consumers’ value and company. However, the expansion without limitation made a trouble. Although the purpose at first was to make the â€Å"Starbucks experience† penetrate everywhere through the expansion, the company was making stores feel more like hip neighborhood coffeehouse which deviated from its original intention. Starbucks had lost it focus and made a dilution of the â€Å"Starbucks experience†. For the reason that the worth of a thing is best known by the want of it, the value of the culture and brand image went down. The â€Å"cannibalising† (Smale, 2008) sales between branches only a short distance from each other made employees feel less honored to work in this firm or group and the less enthusiasm to satisfy the customers came as a serious consequence. According to Schein’s (2004) theories on culture components, Starbucks only reached the first level of the components â€Å"artefacts† which observed the decorative style and visible products to survive the situation with ubiquitous competition instead of making the ustomers always come first. The â€Å"Starbucks experience† was viewed same as McDonald’s and other fast food stores who also sold coffee through such a market saturation. Organizational culture sees culture comprising a number of variables, the combination of which lead to observable differences between organizations so that a company can have power to compete with others (Barry et al. 2000). To get back what made Starbucks successful Starbucks cut a great number of stores and announced massive layoffs for reforming. However, this would make the employees undertake the responsibilities and suffer the pain. At the same time, the sudden occurrence as the adjustment in the contract with the employees is both inevitable and a source of trouble, especially it made employees feel that they expected far more than they got and worse off (Kolb et al. 1991, p. 6). According to the theory â€Å"a hierarchy of needs† which developed by Maslow (1970), individuals experience a range of needs and will be motivated to fulfill need which is most powerful at that time. The first level is physiological needs and if this need is dominant for a person they can satisfy it by having a regular job which can keep consistent. But the employees forced to leave Starbucks could not be satisfied by the basic needs. Furthermore, the firm de-motivated the left members at the same time by cutting the employees’ compensation and holiday. Vroom’s (1964) expectancy model theory of motivation explicitly recognized that outcomes with high expectations and neutral or even unsatisfied achievements would reduce the amount of effort the staff is going to invest. By understanding Vroom’s theory, the firm would get less contribution from its employees by the lower reward, which would reflect the staffs’ less enthusiasm when treating the customers. This also made every member in the firm feel upset and panicky. When the employees believed that they were not receiving payments commensurate with their performance, effort or ability then they worked less hard (Hauenstein and Lord, 1989), and became more selfish (Harder, 1992) and felt dissatisfied with their jobs in this firm (Carr et al. 1996). Conclusion To sum up, Starbucks faced the trouble that the unlimited expansion has made its famous experience culture diluted and lost a number of customers’ loyalty. To make the matter worse, a great number of layoff was claimed so that the firm also lost the loyalty of its members. The main aim of the report is to help Starbucks to revalue the culture and put Starbucks’ unique image back to high position into customers’ heart. In addition, suggestions are given to motivate employees. Culture is the soul of a firm which gives the company power to survive and compete with other business. Recommendations For the first finding that the over-expansion made Starbucks devalue the unique culture of the â€Å"Starbucks experience†, a suggestion of â€Å"decentralization† can be given. Remove number of outlets away from each other and slow down the pace of opening new stores in the US or concentrate on the unexploited market space in other countries. The other finding that the employees felt dissatisfied with the rewards and treated customers with less effort while the unacceptable massive layoffs made a panic can be solved by increasing the compensation given to the members asked to leave and suggesting them some other suitable jobs. The firm can also make a promise that these employees would be considered first when hiring candidates in the future after the most difficult times. Furthermore, keep the employees’ payment stable and hold some activities inspiring to promote people to tide Starbucks over difficulties together. Reference list MICHELLI, J. A. (2007) The Starbucks experience: 5 principles for turning ordinary into extraordinary. New York: McGraw-Hill MARKETWATCH: GLOBAL ROUND-UP. (2008) Starbucks: hoping store cuts will reinvigorate US business. WWW] MARKETWATCH. Available from: http://ehis. ebscohost. com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=109amp;sid=30997753-d45f-4afd-bfc9-6c6be4a48faa%40sessionmgr111amp;vid=4 [Accessed 30/11/10]. SMALE, W. (2008) Why Starbucks’ sales have gone cold. Business reporter, BBC News, 1st Feb. SCHEIN, E. (2004) Organization Culture and Leadership. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. KILEY, D. (2009) Starbucks Cuts More Stores and Workers Amidst Recession and Lower Earnings. Bloomberg Businessweek, 28th Jan. MASLOW, A. 1970) Motivation and Personality. 2nd ed. New York: Harper ;amp; Row. YANG, Y. K. (2010) The Construction of Brand Culture Based on Corporate Culture. International Journal of Business ;amp; Management, Vol. 5 (4), pp. 223-226. BARRY, J. et al. (2000) Organization and management: a critical text. London: Thomson Learning. KOLB, D. , RUBIN, E. and OSLAND, J. (1991) Organizational Psychology. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. VROOM, V. H. (1964) Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley. HAUENSTEIN, N. M. and LORD, R. G. 1989) The effects of final offer arbitration on the performance of major league baseball players: a test of equity theory. Human Performance, 2 HARDER, J. W. (1992) Play for pay: effects of inequity in a pay for performance context. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37 CARR, S. C. et al. (1996) Effects of unreasonable pay discrepancies for under and overpayment on double demotivation. Genetic, Social and General Psych ology Monograpghs, 122 (4). BELBIN, R. M. (1993) Team Roles at Work. Oxford: Butterworth/Heinemann. Word count: 1332 words How to cite Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs, Papers

Taking Economics Seriously

Question: i. Explain the economic problem of scarcity by using demand and supply factors relevant to the price of petrol in the UK. ii. Analyse potential externalities that may arise in the petrol market. How can the UK Government seek to ensure that such externalities are taken into account by the petrol market? Answer: 1: The trend component of the price of oil is rising. This has an implication that the global market oil is going to enter in a period in which there is a rising scarcity. Here is a demand and supply analysis for the effect of rising price of crude oil in UK (Baker, 2010). From the demand and supply analysis, it can be said that the sustainable increase in the demand for the crude oil all over the world and the limited supply of it causing the rising trend in the price of crude oil. For the same reason there is arising a scarcity in the crude oil market in UK. The analysis of this scarcity problem has reveals that the effect of the increase in the scarcity in the oil market can be managed relatively by the primary downshift in the supply trend of oil. It can be noted that it will result better if the decline in the supply of oil should be gradual than the absolute decline (Davis and Reilly, 2010). In addition it can be noted here that presently in 2015, the oil price is falling. Now, the falling of the oil pr5ice is a great problem. Downshift in the supply of oil A considerable downshift in the growth of the supply trend of oil of about 1 % helps to slow down the global growth by about % and the annual growth at the global level results in longer or medium term (Do policymakers need to cool the UK housing market?, 2014). A continuous decrease in the supply level of the crude oil in UK has considerable adverse effect on the output level. It can be happened if there is a higher level of substitutability between the other preliminary sources of energy and oil. On the other hand, the wealth or revenue acquired in UK from the oil will shift from the importers of oil to the exporters of oil in the medium term and that will raise the flow of capital, thereby reduction in the real rate of interest and the current amount imbalance will rise (Dransfield, 2014). This particular assignment shows that the scarcity of oil will certainly be a powerful constraint in the world economy (Drummond and Hodgson, 2011). So the risk emergence it causes is very serious matter worldwide. Reaches on the substitute of oil are in progress. But still it is uncertain. So the full dependence on the other sources of energy is still uncertain. Measures for reducing the risks It is very obvious that the policy makers in UK should adopt stronger measures for reducing the risks from the crude oil scarcity (Drydakis, 2014). The policy makers should take precautionary steps in this matter. They also should facilitate the adjustment process if it becomes larger then it was expected or it has to be materialized in a rapid manner. Policies require to be balanced with labors to make stronger societal security nets, as the higher price level of oil may lead to alter in the distribution of income and make poverty level greater than before(Gil Lafuente and MerigoÃÅ' , 2010). The allegations of oil insufficiency could be significant and extensive. Oil is a main factor of the process of manufacture, as well as in the manufacture of other produces and in shipping, and also broadly used for goods for consumption(Gillespie, 2010). Oil takes the majority part in over all traded commodity in this world. This implies that oil has a significant effect, direct as well as indirect on the global economy. This has effects on the several economic factors, such as, world inflation, poverty level, growth and external balances. From the late of the year 1990, the price level of oil has generally increased(Gurtuna, 2013). Oil scarcity Oil is considered as a scarce factor when the demand for the oil is greater than the supply of it. The supply is unable to meet the demand at the existing price level. Then the price will rise and this will encourage the supply of oil. On the other hand, the rising price of oil will reduce shortly the demand factor. This means that the scarcity of oil is related with the price of oil. So it can be said that the oil scarcity always reflects in the price of oil. The price of oil also reflects the opportunity cost (Hall, 2011). The opportunity cot is in terms of bringing one barrel of oil in addition in the market. Generally, a higher level of price comparative to the prices of other commodities points out the scarcity. On the other hand, a lower price points out large quantity, and fluctuations in the level of price over an extensive periods indicates alterations in the scarcity (Hayes, 2014). However, it is to be noted that it is very difficult to differentiate the reasons for increase in the price level. It can be the scarcity or can be other kind of reasons. The scarcity indicates the decline in the accessibility of oil in the long term. The scarcity of oil in the logic of lofty and rising oil prices also can be arose for many other causes over shorter sphere (Ibelings, 2010). Momentary shocks in the supply may direct to short lived price spear, as throughout the year of 199091, in the Gulf War. Choice and opportunity cost Choiceandthe opportunity costare mainly two basic ideas in economics. When the resource quantity is a constraint factor, then the consumers and the producers have to make selection within the alternatives of competition. All decisions regarding economy involves mainly in the choice making (Leonard, 2011). Any consumer or the producer has to choose the best way of using the effort and skills. The firms in UK must have knowledge about the usage of the machinery and workers available to them. Now, the making of choice always involves in the sacrifice of something. This happens as the alternatives should be given up. These results in the sacrifice of the benefits could be gain from the various alternatives, which were available at the same time (Leonard, 2011). The demand and supply analysis can be shown by using a diagram. Here in this following diagram it can be shown that as the demand rises, the demand curve shifts upward and the price rises, the supply remaining the same and vice versa (Mankiw, Taylor and Ashwin, 2013). Drawbacks This particular assignment mainly focuses on the problems emerging from the scarcity of oil. The price rise is indication of scarcity. But it is avoiding the other matters which may affect the price, such as the business cycle. The business cycle has a great effect on the changes in the oil prices (Newbold, Carlson and Thorne, 2013). The price of oil may also be affected by the implementation of explorations, new discovery, capital investments etc. Present problems Presently in 2015, the oil price is lowering. There are several problems for the low price of oil. Some problems are as follows: increase in the debt defaults, the interest rates are rising, unemployment rate rising, recession increases, oil supply decreases, disruption in the countries those export oil, drop in the prices in the stock market, drop in the bonds market value etc (Sloman, Hinde and Garratt, 2010). The fall in the price has also a number of problems itself. For the falling price of oil, the debt defaults increases. The debt default can increase in the oil extraction businesses, workers of laid off oil etc (Starkman, 2013). On the other hand, the interest rate will rise. The unemployment rate also increases. The increasing unemployment rate couples with the high rate of interest causes recession. The supply of oil decreases as a result of the falling price of oil. 2. Externalities Externalities are the side effects in the economy or environment of a good or service, which creates costs or benefits to people. In general, the externalities are meant by the costs or the benefits imposed by a firm or industry on the outer side of the whole marketplace or within the marketplace (Starkman et al., 2012). The petrol market has several negative as well as positive externalities. Externality is classified broadly into two types, such as positive externality and the negative externality. Positive externalities are those benefits, which are acquired by the people from the good or service by a firm or industry. On the other hand, the negative externality is subject to those externalities, which affects negatively the people or the environment (The growing UK 3D printing market, 2014). Positive externalities There are so many positive externalities emerging from the petrol market. This is very obvious that petrol is maximum used in the peoples lives. People cannot even thing without the usage of oil or petrol. In various stages of the human life the petrol is used. Some kind of positive externalities regarding the petrol market are as follows: Economic profit, increased efficiency or the productivity, Means of Globalization (UK company looks to crowd funding to bring natural water filtration product to market, 2014). These are discussed here. Economic profit employment becomes greater than before, different commercial activities introduced. There are several economic profits involved in the petrol market. The employment rate increases(Ummer, 2012). The employment rises in the oil factories. There are several production houses, in where the petrol is ides. Those are also part of employment created by the petrol market. Petrol is involved in different commercial usage. Those commercial hubs recruit many people as employee. Increased efficiency or the productivity usage of oil speeds up proficient manufacture in many industries. The productivity increases with the use of oil. There are so many machineries, which run with the help of oil. Those machines are increasing the productivity in various sectors(Vergnet expands services for UK market, 2014). Means of Globalization this increases the trade between several countries. Negative externalities The mainly public concentration paying attention on ecological damages as extraction, resource exploration, processing and lastly, distribution are the reason of environmental damages. It also includes the natural world territory disturbance, and discharge of air, sound and water pollution. Externalities are the really bad sided effect on the environment of the world. In many production processes of several goods including the oil extraction, there are so many negative externalities (Wessels, 2012). The negative externalities always affect adversely the people of the country. An important example of the negative externality is pollution. The oil extraction causes pollution. Some kind of negative externalities are as follows: the damages in the environment for the petrol market, health risks involved, economic costs, limitation of resources, security risks, financial subsidies etc. Damages in the environment The environment damages from production of oil, distribution as well as the consumption. During the process of extraction of oil, the water is negatively affected(Wessels, 2012). So there occurs water pollution. The exploration process pollutes the air. So there occurs air pollution. The processing of oil also affects the air as well as water badly. So in the stage of processing of oil, both of the pollutions, such as water pollution and the air pollution take place(White and Herrera-Soler, 2012). Health Risks Several types of risks are involved in the petrol market. This includes injuries and sickness of the people or the workers from petrol production and distribution. In the petrol market, the workers have to take severe risks in extracting of oil and the processing. The extraction process is very risky for any person or worker. So many injuries happen on the body of the workers. On the other hand, the processing of oil emerges toxic gases, which are really very harmful for the human body(Zhou, 2011). So those workers, who do job in the oil factory and stays during the processing of oil, suffers from various illnesses, so, health risk is very significant externality involved in the petrol market. Economic Costs A number of economic costs are involved in the petrol market. Mainly the economic affect of imported oil. Several economic costs are there with the oil or the petrol market. This is very true that the price of the oil ion the international market play a significant role on the economies of the countries all over the world. So, if there is any fluctuation in the oil prices, then the economies of the oil importing countries will be affected negatively(Baker, 2010). This is another negative externality of oil. As the price increases, the oil importing countries have to pay much more than before. So the other economic sectors are hampered. Security Risks Opinionated and armed costs to continue or to keep up the right of entry to oil recourses involves security risks(Davis and Reilly, 2010). Restriction of Recourses Another negative externality is to deprive the upcoming generations from non-renewable sources like oil. The oil scarcity is very important issue involved in the oil market. It is very difficult to determine the quantity of oil can be extracted. The resource like oil is limited in the world. So the extraction of oil regularly causes fall in the reserve of this particular resource. The future generation will have to be deprived from the usage of oil. So the future is very uncertain in the case of scared resource like oil(Do policymakers need to cool the UK housing market?, 2014). Petrol is variously used but the people. So, it is very difficult to think about a world without crude oil. But is it also true that a period is supposed to arrive where the people will not use crude oil. Financial Subsidies There are various financial subsidies to the producers of oil. Remedy For those negative externalities, there should be incentives for the consumers or the producers to cope up with the adverse situations. The problems emerging from the externalities can be solved by the Government intervene (Dransfield, 2014). Here in this section it is going to be discussed various way outs. Imposition of tax on the polluters If the business procedure causes pollution, then that business should be taxed accordingly. As tax is imposed on the business company, the cost of the production will automatically raise. The rise in the price level of oil depends on the elasticity. If the price is very much responsive, then the price will raise more with the tax imposition. However, it can be noted that the producers the ultimate tax payers. Now, theoretically it can be said that, the size of the external cost or the negative externality is nothing but the difference between the marginal private cost curve and the marginal social cost curve. Now, it is the responsibility of the government to assess correctly the cost for the negative externality (Drydakis, 2014). If the government is able to determine and thereby calculate the cost for the negative externality, then the government will be able to impose the correct or right quantity of tax. Now, if the government imposes the right level of tax, then the marginal private cost curve will start to shift and it will shift till it superimposes on the marginal social cost curve. This determines the equilibrium level of price and the quantity and ensures that the consumers as well as the producers are in the situation of equilibrium. Taxes cause the shift in the supply curve to upward or to the left. This upward shift of the supply curve causes the rise in the price of the crude oil and reduces the output of the oil. This happens through market mechanism (Gil Lafuente and MerigoÃÅ' , 2010). So the external cost is reflected in the rising price as well as in the reducing cost level. But there may be external benefits also. So in the case of external benefits, a firm and a government has to compensate, which are discussed bellow. The use of subsidies If there are positive externalities, then the business authority should be subsidized. There are so many external benefits of the petrol market. Those are discussed above. The petrol is variously used in daily life, transportations, machineries etc. It has also several economic externalities, such as employment generation, productivity increase etc. Those positive externalities are to be supported by the government as it is very useful for the goodness of the country as well as the society (Gillespie, 2010). Therefore, the demand can be raised by the paying subsidies from the part of the government to the suppliers or the producers. If the cost burden is partly minimized with help of the subsidy paid by the government, it will encourage the production as well as the consumption of oil. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the government to determine the exact level of the subsidy, which should be paid to the producer. The subsidy paid by government encourages the supply by reducing the cost of production and thereby reducing the price of oil partly. The reduction in the price level encourages the consumption level. Government regulation Theoretically it can be shown that the size of the externalities and thereby the amount of tax or subsidies. But in the real world, it is very difficult to determine the level of tax or subsidy. Sometimes the government has to be direct in the cases of imposition of tax or paying subsidy. Some interventions are, price ceiling, price floor, subsidy (Gurtuna, 2013). Price ceiling A price ceiling happens when a legal boundary on the price level of oil created by the government. For an effective price ceiling, the government has to set the ceiling bellow the equilibrium level in the market (Hall, 2011). When the price ceiling is set, there will be automatically a shortage as the demand factor is greater than the supply factor. Price floor The price floor is the minimum price level set by the government. No one is allowed to sale oil below the price floor. This is done for the sake of producers suffering from comparatively higher cost of production (Hayes, 2014). Subsidy The subsidy is a financial assistance given by government to lower the cost of producers as well as to encourage the demand by lowering price level. Thus the employment can be raised (Mankiw, Taylor and Ashwin, 2013). These are the assistance or policies can be taken by UK government in the petrol market for the externalities. Reference list Baker, D. (2010). Taking economics seriously. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Davis, P. and Reilly, A. (2010). Market power, market outcomes, and remedies in the UK groceries market. Agricultural Economics, 41, pp.93-108. Do policymakers need to cool the UK housing market?. (2014). Economic Outlook, 38(2), pp.5-13. Dransfield, R. (2014). Business economics. London: Routledge. Drummond, H. and Hodgson, J. (2011). Escalation in decision-making. Farnham: Gower. Drydakis, N. (2014). Sexual orientation and labour market outcomes. IZA World of Labor. Gil Lafuente, A. and Merigo , J. (2010). Computational intelligence in business and economics. Singapore: World Scientific. Gillespie, A. (2010). Business economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gurtuna, O. (2013). Fundamentals of space business and economics. New York, NY: Springer. Hall, I. (2011). The Coalition and the UK Housing Market. Politics, 31(2), pp.72-81. Hayes, K. (2014). Business journalism. [New York?]: Apress. Ibelings, H. (2010). Restart. Sarajevo: Buybook. Leonard, E. (2011). ALA guide to economics business reference. Chicago [Ill.]: American Library Association. Mankiw, N., Taylor, M. and Ashwin, A. (2013). Business economics. Andover: Cengage Learning. Newbold, P., Carlson, W. and Thorne, B. (2013). Statistics for business and economics. Boston: Pearson. Sloman, J., Hinde, K. and Garratt, D. (2010). Economics for business. Harrow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Starkman, D. (2013). The best business writing 2013. New York: Columbia University Press. Starkman, D., Hamilton, M., Chittum, R. and Salmon, F. (2012). The best business writing 2012. New York: Columbia University Press. The growing UK 3D printing market. (2014). Metal Powder Report, 69(1), pp.36-38. UK company looks to crowd funding to bring natural water filtration product to market. (2014). Filtration Industry Analyst, 2014(1), pp.3-4. Ummer, E. (2012). Basic mathematics for economics, business, and finance. New York, NY: Routledge. Vergnet expands services for UK market. (2014). Renewable Energy Focus, 15(3), p.8. Wessels, W. (2012). Economics. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series. White, M. and Herrera-Soler, H. (2012). Metaphor and Mills. Berlin: De Gruyter. Zhou, Q. (2011). Advances in Applied Economics, Business and Development. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

A Room of Ones Own essays

A Room of One's Own essays Virginia Woolfs A Room of Ones Own broke new territory in suggesting that the reason there were very few acknowledged womens writers at this time was because women lead hard lives in comparison to men and that the conditions needed to produce women writers was not conducive for them at this time. Her response was that for women to write literature they must have a room of their own, both literaraly and symbolically. This entailed real space and privacy for women to write in, the financial freedom to write without enduring unwanted jobs, women role models and the freedom and power to choose their own career path. Throughout this course the majority of women we have studied have had the privilege of fulfilling these requirements and thus had a room of ones own. Therefore, to be a successful female writer it is essential to have a room of ones own, although I believe that the above requirements are not all necessary and that todays room has changed. Womens lives were made less accessible to writing because of the requirements on women. Women were the wives, cooks, cleaners and employees. Women were responsible for bearing and raising the children and because of this they were at a disadvantage to the opportunities afforded to men. Women simply did not have the time to sit down in a quite room and write and moreover, she argues that women were not allowed until very recently to gain an education parable to mens, and even this is debatable. Throughout time, Woolf argues, women have been slaves, often locked up, not free to choose their partner and frequently beaten by their husbands. Women were shut up in unwanted families that force them to become economically, psychologically and physically dependent on men. How can women write quality literature amid these conditions? Woolf writes, Making a fortune and bearing thirteen children- no human being...

Job Application Essays - I Am, Free Essays, Term Papers

Job Application Essays - I Am, Free Essays, Term Papers Job Application Dear Senior Chief Valerie McQueen-Vance and Commander Scott Wales, I am very excited to apply for the Marksmanship commander and the Academics commander positions. I feel that I am well qualified for either of these jobs and I feel that I would be an excellent choice for this position. I have an ability to grow with a job, handle responsibility and build positive relationships with other cadets at all levels. I present an excellent work rate, and I am confident that I can bring an excellent level of high-performance to the Landstown High School NJROTC Unit. I would like to inform you that I am someone who knows how to set goals and achieve them, and have a proven track record of being able to conceive, develop & execute strategies. I feel certain that my strong leadership and a organization skills coupled with my ability to work hard and listen to my fellow cadets will be of immediate value to the unit. I very much hope that you will look favorably upon my application by recognizing my enthusiasm, talents as a cadet and as a leader and my future potential to contributing to the Landstown High School NJROTC Unit. I believe that I am a good candidate for the position of the Marksmanship Commander because I am extremely cautious and follow and enforce all rules. Also I show great promise as a responsible leader that doesnt allow any horseplay and that I take safety extremely seriously. If there are any issues that should appear I would take care of them immediately and I would quickly alert my superiors of the issue. My goal is to continue to learn and grow my specialist skills and abilities, whilst utilizing my experience, knowledge and skills to benefit the unit. The foundation of my achievements to date lies in my ability to organize my time effectively, prioritize tasks, and use my initiative to come up with solutions to problems. I believe that I am a good candidate for the position of the Academics Commander because as someone who recognizes that success starts with people, I would also like to point out that I specialize in staff selection, training and performance monitoring, all of these are vital in ensuring that my team is always a skilled, capable and motivated workforce. One of my strengths is being a motivated self-starter who takes the initiative, and who can work with minimal supervision, when necessary. Also I consider myself to be a productive worker with a solid work ethic who exerts optimal effort to ensure all tasks given to me are completed on time and to the highest standards. In conclusion I believe that I would be a great candidate for wither positions. I appreciate you taking the time to review my credentials and I would like to thank you for your time and consideration. Thank you for taking the time to consider my application. Thank you for your time and consideration, Jose Luis Martinez Jr.

Has the Recession Changed the way UK banks measure performance Dissertation

Has the Recession Changed the way UK banks measure performance - Dissertation Example When the business cycle is reduced and cut back, this is often referred to as a recession which generally slows down the economic activity during a particular period of time .When recessions occur, it has been believed that there is a general drop in spending, and governments normally address this financial matter by implementing macroeconomic policies which deal with the economy’s performance and behaviour to be able to understand how the whole economy functions (Strupczewski 2004). Furthermore, governments also increase the supply of money as well as government spending, and decreases taxation. According to the NBER or the National Bureau of Economic Research, an economic recession normally lasts for more than a few months which will be evident in the GDP growth as well as in personal incomes, employment rates, production, business profits and sales which all fall and drop during this critical slump. The latest economic recession in 2008 first began in December of 2007 in the United States and was greatly intensified in September of 2008 (Gullapalli and Anand 2008). This particular financial crisis had been described by numerous imbalances and had been associated with hasty and unstable lending practises which resulted from the interference of the United States government regarding real estate mortgages. The US securities which were backed by mortgages were sold around the world despite the fact that it had risks which were hard to evaluate.

Managerial Escalator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial Escalator - Essay Example In order for them to be successful, they need to position the priorities of the business before their private priorities. If the managers put the interest of the business after their interests, they may end up not becoming successful in their management; this is because their personal interest may not be in line with the interests of the organization. The different causes of poor management have also been identified. There are a number of factors that may lead to a manager not being successful such as having managerial concept that are not good enough. Managers need to have well researched strategies in order for them to be successful. The models used by the authors in explaining this points is through breaking down the broad topic of management into less detailed sub topics. They explore these subtopics into details in order to explain management in detail. The authors have different point of views about management. They begin by defining management as the art of making things get done through the use of other people or a way of achieving some results through other people. Some people view management as a cycle involving identification of different objectives, setting of targets, making plans, resource organization, good communication regarding information, motivation of workers, getting feedback, control and taking actions. Some researches were done by separate people who do not agree with this. This is because it was noted that managers make decisions abruptly according to the situation at hand. They mostly do not take time to strategize their decisions (David, 2001). Individuals turn into managers through a given process. The organizational structure is defined in a way that the majority of the staffs are often engaged in given activities and the managers usually oversee some specialized activities. Most of the managers have some giv en specialized backgrounds. During the early stages of their careers, they were at some lower levels in different departments. They may have learned some skills through training, experience or through the combination of both. Most of the managers in top positions have passed through these stages. They begin as normal workers and improve on their skills. As they improve and gain more experience, they are promoted through the different ranks until they get to the managerial position. There are a number of responsibilities accounted to managers. They play the role of planning and allocating of work. Managers plan what is to be done in an organization. They give different employees specific works to be done or allocate them into different areas of work according to the plan. They identify what is of priority to the organization so that they may be given attention first. They review and establish different working methods and ensure that they control all the activities in an

Heroin Harm Reduction Strategies in the US

Heroin Harm Reduction Strategies in the US The Northern Kentucky (NKY) Independent Health Department represents four different counties in Kentucky: Boone, Campbell, Grant, and Kenton. This region is often referred to as District 8 and it is made up of 381,153 Kentuckians. In 2008, a startling 18% of individuals in the region were diagnosed with depression and 9.8 % of individuals were living below the poverty level. Yet, the most pressing issue in this district is the heroin epidemic and its association with HCV. According to the NKY Drug Strike Force, three of the four counties in District 8 are the most problematic in the Northern Kentucky Area Development District. Boone, Kenton, and Campbell counties represent 60% of Kentucky’s heroin prosecutions for trafficking and possession. Data shows between 2008 and 2012 the heroin court cases in these three counties increased from 257 cases to 1339; an alarming 500% surge. These alarming statistics influenced the NKIHD to partner with various organizations to form the NKCRHE. Although a comprehensive community wide plan is now under development through the Response Team, there are major political, social, and economic factors to consider before reducing and stopping the epidemic. Social Factors The Heroin Impact Response Team sees stigma is the primary reason for the silence associated with heroin in NKY. Stigma is defined as a mark of disgrace with a particular circumstance, quality or person. This mark can be alienating and oppressive to individuals and can lead to prejudice and discrimination. People with a history of drug use are highly stigmatized and often become outcasts in society. Some groups argue this stigma helps reduce the drug problem in communities because it shows society’s disapproval of drug use. However, this argument is flawed because it does not consider that stigma can lead to shame and can lead people to hide their unacceptable and undesirable behaviors. Hiding and silencing drug use not only leads to delays in seeking help, but also leads to barriers in recovery and reintegration into society. NKY is a prime example of silence resulting from stigma. Between 2010 and 2012, the number of heroin overdoses in NKY doubled from 31 to 61 and the rates of HCV were more than double Kentucky’s rate.Despite this alarming statistic, until October 2012, communities in NKY were silent about the epidemic. The map below shows NKY is rooted in a historically conservative state, and thus NKY’s social and cultural environment strongly reflect conservative ideologies. These ideologies promote the silence, because speaking out would constitute condemnation, it would depict the family-unit as inadequate, and the community as a hazardous waste land. Finally, families in NKY are speaking out about the epidemic. They are sharing their personal stories and those of their lost loved ones. Through advocacy and education, they are working to break down the barriers associated with the stigma of drug use. Yet stigma is a powerful barrier, and education and community participation may not be enough to reduce the social barriers associated with heroin use. An additional powerful approach may be to remove certain legislative and administrative restrictions that reinforce stigmatization. The removal of these restrictions can lead to drug-user harm reduction strategies and programs, which could be considered the first steps to stop the spread of HCV and the first steps to recovery. Political Factors One of the most effective harm reduction strategies to consider is sterile Needle and Syringe Programs (NSPs). In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a report on the effectiveness NSPs in which they confirmed studies in the report presented â€Å"a compelling case that NSPs substantially and cost effectively reduce the spread of HIV (and other infectious diseases) and do so without evidence of exacerbating injective drug use at either the individual or societal level† (World Health Organization, 2004). Not surprisingly, the CDC, the National Institute of Health (NIH) and most of the medical and scientific community are advocates of NSPs because the scientific data supports the efficacy of these programs. In addition, these types of programs are seen as the first steps to recovery because they provide abusers the opportunity to seek help and obtain necessary primary health care Although the federal government does not ban the use of NSP’s, since the late 1980’s federal funding for NSPs was prohibited in the United States. In 2009, President Barack Obama removed this ban and allowed states to use federal funds for Syringe Exchange Programs (SEPs). The ban, unfortunately, was reinstated in 2011 due to a change in the federal spending package for 2012. As a result of the political controversy, this type of harm reduction strategy will be difficult to promote in NKY because despite the scientific data, Kentucky legislation continues to prohibit the use of NSPs. The controversy arises from the common misconception that NSPs promote drug use, encourages abusers to stay addicted to drugs, and fosters criminal behavior. Others argue these types of programs are a costly waste because they do not stop addiction. Scientific data, however, shows both of these arguments are invalid. The efficacy of the programs is evident in various studies and the cost be nefit analysis’ shows that â€Å"a full-coverage program that exchanges all used syringes in the United States would cost approximately $423 million but avert 1.3 billion in medical care and treatment costs† The development of an exchange program is not explicitly prohibited in the Kentucky statutes, however the Kentucky Revised Statute 218A.500(3) addresses the prohibition of distribution of drug paraphernalia: â€Å" It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound†¦inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kentucky Legislative Research Commission, 2010). In 1992, Dr. John Poundstone wrote a letter to the Kentucky Attorney General requesting an opinion on NSPs in the state of Kentucky. The Kentucky Attorney General advised urban-county health departments could be guilty of criminal offence and liability if they were to pursue development of a needle exchange program Economic Factors If successful in changing Kentucky legislation to allow harm reduction strategies such as SNP’s, the next issue NKY will encounter is the economical component. In 2005, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reported an estimated $1.9 billion was spent on mental health and substance abuse (MHSA) treatment in Kentucky which is approximately 1.5% of all the MHSA treatment in the United States (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, 2012). However, the most pressing economic problem in NKY is the low federal and state funds distributed to the region for drug abuse and mental health; in fact, Northern Kentucky receives the lowest funds of the 14 regions in the state. Since federal funding cannot be used for NSPs the NKY region would be completely dependent on state and local funds. Yet, NKY receives only 8.16% of the state’s general funds for MHSA despite making up more than 10% of Kentucky’s general population. To make matters worse, NKY Health Department continuously faces budget cuts and the reduction in funds results in an uneven distribution of monies for various programs. In 2012-2013 the health department faced a 5% decrease in revenue due to cuts in state, federal and Medicaid funding; figure 1 shows this represented approximately $739,247. Figure 2 shows the decrease in revenue resulted in a 7% decrease in expenditures, approximately $1,050,043. These cuts make it difficult for the health department to address the heroin and communicable disease issues in a more robust manner. Notwithstanding these economic setbacks, the heroin and HCV epidemic has spiraled out of control and has become a monster that can only be tamed by organizations coming together to address the issue.

Term Paper on Interracial Marriages

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement Chapter One – The Problem and Its Scope Introduction 2 Statement of the Problem 4 Review of Related Literature 5 Significance of the Study 7 Scope and Limitation 9 Definition of Terms 10 Organization of the Study 12 Chapter Two – Research Design and Methodology Research Method 14 Research Instrument 14 Research Environment 14 Research Subject 15 Research Procedure 16 Statistical Treatment of the Data 17 Chapter Three – Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data 18 Chapter Four – Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations Summary 43 Conclusion 45 Recommendations 47 Bibliography 50 Appendices Appendix A – Letters Appendix B – Sample Questionnaires Appendix C – Pictures Appendix D – Respondent’s Directory Introduction Marriage, a legally recognized relationship, established by a civil or religious ceremony, between two people who intend to live together as sexual and domestic partners. The joining together in wedlock of two people, something which supposed to be and should be considered sacred as well as wonderful. It is a in which commitment two people are bound to one another and are obligated to promise to one another that they love, care and be loyal to each other through all times. A beautiful thing†¦yet sadly some people do it out of what benefits they might receive from it, may it be money, fame or any other superficial thing in this world. But there are times that these people do it out of need. This brings us to talk about interracial marriages. Interracial marriages, though in the past had been considered taboo, aren’t rare sites anymore, may it be in the Philippines or other parts of the world. However, just because now it isn’t forbidden by the law (as there was a time when there was a law made against it), it doesn’t mean that all of us give the go signal. Interracial marriages will most likely create various outcomes. These effects will not only affect the family members and friends of the spouses, they can also affect other individuals of the community. They could even affect the whole society especially now these days where there are studies which show that there has been a rise in the percentage of these marriages. These Filipinos went into these marriages for different reasons, they could have done it for love or for the benefits that come with the spouse. Now, the reason the researchers have selected to do this study is for them to learn what people really think about these marriages and what effects it could possibly bring about the Philippine Society. Hopefully this study will be able to help the Filipino people understand these interracial couples better and to prepare the Filipino people for what changes may be stimulated by these marriages, may they be good or bad. Statement of the Problem The researchers aim to find out what people think about interracial marriages and what possible effects these marriages could induce to the Philippine society. They also aim to get the Filipino people ready for what alterations interracial marriages could create. While making the study, the researchers hope to answer the following questions: o Are interracial marriages still found unusual? o What are the factors that lead to interracial marriages? o How will these marriages affect the Philippine Society? Review of Related Literature In the Chronicle Online, there is an article there entitled â€Å"Interracial Relationships Are On The Increase In U. S. But Decline With Age, Cornell Study Finds† which talks about the increase in number of marriages between different kinds of races through the years. It also has findings that these relationships decline with age because the youngest age bracket ranked the highest among these relationships and the middle age bracket ranked second while the oldest age bracket ranked last. Despite the fact that these findings were based in the U. S. , it somehow gives the researchers an idea of how relatio nships between different races affected another country. From this article, they could already come up with a possible outcome. In a 2003 study, once again based in the United States, by Kara Joyner (assistant professor of policy analysis and management at Cornell and co-author of a study on interracial relationships in a recent issue of the American Sociological Review) it was reported that adolescents in romances with another race were significantly less willing to reveal their relationship to family and close friends than those in same-race relationships, suggesting that such relationships still do not receive whole-hearted approval by society. The researchers could try to compare these findings to the results they are about to come across and see the difference. In an article in The Freeman Magazine of October 2002 tells about a relationship of one Leyte-born Filipina, Theresa Mason nee Estafia, to British national, Chris Mason, which ended in marriage. This is proof that happy endings between two lovers of different races aren’t impossible. The book, Chinese American Intermarriage, is also a study based on the Chinese American experiences in New York City, focuses on the increase of these relationships, the attraction and the obstacles, of which the most significant is still family objection. This book and the rest of these articles may be helpful to the researchers later on in the study especially when analyzing and interpreting the data. Significance of the Study Interracial relationships, marriages to be specific, aren’t as rare as they used to be in the Philippines. The researchers have arranged this study in order to find out what the Filipino people’s opinion on these kinds of marriages are since these marriages were once considered somehow taboo, and how Filipino people think these kinds of marriages could affect the Philippine society. The researchers hope that by making this study, they could help the following: o People who plan to have an interracial marriage– They would know what effects they are most probably going to bring about to the Philippine Society and see if they are making the right decision marrying these foreigners. o Couples (interracial) – They will know what effects they are bringing about to the Philippine Society. They will also get an insight of what the Filipino people take their (the interracial couple’s) marriages for. Foreigners (with Filipino partners) – They will get an insight of what they are getting themselves into or have gotten themselves into. It will also help them speculate on their relationship, if it really is based on love or money. o Country – It will be prepared for the disadvantages these marriages could bring about and know how to handle these possible drawbacks. Scope and Limitation The researchers are to survey 100 selected residents of Cebu for their term paper. The respondents play a vital role in the making of this term paper because their answers would serve as the key to unfolding this study. The term paper will deal with the opinions of selected Cebu Residents on interracial marriages between a Filipino citizen and a foreigner, and its effects to the Philippine Society. The researchers are given four weeks, more or less, to make this requirement. In creating the term paper, the researchers have allotted an amount of 400 pesos for purpose such as photo copying and other possible needs. The researchers also need to have sources such as the internet, books, newspapers, encyclopedia or any other articles that would be able to help them gain more knowledge on interracial marriages and its possible effects to the Philippine Society by doing so, helping them come up with an effective study. Definition of Terms Benefits – money, to move out of the country, escaping a life of hardship/poverty Cebu residents – any Filipino who currently lives in the province of Cebu Effects – changes which can possibly be done Filipino citizen/person – an individual who was born to Filipino parents and raised in the Philippines Foreigner – a person who was born to natives of countries other than the Philippines and raised in a country other than the Philippines Go Signal – approval Induce – bring about Interracial – between a Filipino and a foreigner Interracial Couples – a couple composed of a Filipino and a foreigner Interracial Marriage – a marriage of a Filipino Citizen to a foreigner Marriage – a legal union of two people through a ceremony called a wedding Partner – spouse/lover Philippine Society – the people of the Philippines Respondents – the people selected to answer the survey Taboo – forbidden The Researchers – the people who have conducted the study (namely: Trysha Bautista, Kimberly Bouffard, Sherry Corominas, Eileen Cueno and Miles Semblante) Organization of the Study This term paper consists of four chapters. Each chapter contains contents which are vital to the researchers in order to help future readers understand the researchers study further. The first chapter is the Problem and Its Scope; it contains the introduction, which more or less is a general summary of what the term paper is all about, the statement of the problem shows the aim or objective of the study through general statement questions, and the review of related literature is information/research about previous studies or projects made which are related to the study the researchers have made. The significance of the study states why the study is important, and to whom the study is important to. In the scope and limitation, future readers will know what grounds the researchers can cover and what their certain restrictions are. The definition of terms will help future readers understand the terms the researchers have used in their study and how these words are used. Chapter two, the Research Design and Methodology, consists of the research methods, research instrument, and statistical treatment of the data. The research methods describe how the researchers gathered their data to come up with their output. The research instrument tackles about the materials/instruments used to complete the study. The statistical treatment of data covers the numerical information in the study. The third chapter, the Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of data, like the title itself, is just the researchers’ presentation, interpretation and analysis of their data. Chapter four is the Summary, Conclusion and Interpretation; it consists of the summary which is a sum-up and a review of the whole study, the conclusion which is the closing statement and the recommendation. Research Method For the study on interracial marriages and its effects to the Philippine society, the researchers used a survey type in order to gain more knowledge on the said topic. With the use of questionnaires, the researchers are to learn more about what the residents of Cebu think about interracial marriages and how these marriages could affect the Philippine society. Research Instruments The main instrument that the researchers utilized for the purpose of this study was the questionnaire made up of 8 questions. Computers, internet access, encyclopedias, books and some periodicals were also necessary in the making of this term paper. Research Environment The researchers made questionnaires which were distributed to selected Cebu residents living in these following areas: Tisa, Banilad, Banawa and Talisay. The researchers chose those areas because those areas of Cebu are most convenient for them, given that they live in the said areas and that the researchers believed that the residents in these areas would readily share their opinions on the topic and that they are exposed to these kinds of relationships. The other half of respondents were randomly selected in Ayala Center Cebu because they had an idea that most foreigners were to be found there and they also wanted to know what regular people thought of their topic. Research Subject The researchers asked various respondents to answer the questionnaires they made for their survey. They selected people who they supposed were exposed to interracial marriages or any kind of interracial relationships because they believe these people could give them the knowledge they require in order for their study to be a success. They also chose ordinary people at the mall because they wanted to get what regular people thought of the topic. They opted to let foreigners answer their questionnaires as well, as to see what these outsiders think about marriages of one of their kind to a Filipino. Research Procedure The researchers had brainstormed on possible topics that they might have for their term paper. They proposed their topics to their Social Studies III teacher and then she approved of the topic on interracial marriages and its effects to the society. After which, they studied on whatever they could on the said topic which would help them formulate questions for their questionnaire. Once they have completed the creation of their questionnaire, they distributed 100 copies to various respondents and then collected them when they were completely answered. Then they recorded the data they gathered, made a graph out of it, interpreted and analyzed it, and made a conclusion out of it. Statistical Treatment of Data The study needs to be studied with complete accuracy so that their data may be analyzed and interpreted correctly. In order to accomplish that, they used this formula: %= f/n * 100% f=frequency n=number of respondents/answers Question #1: Do you find it unusual seeing a Filipino together with a foreigner? Table #1 Respondents Opinion on Filipinos Being Together with Foreigners N= 100 |Response |Frequency |Percentage | |Yes |25 |25% |No |75 |75% | | | |Total 100% | Graph #1 [pic] Interpretation The table and graph above shows that 75 out of 100 or 75% of the respondents do not find it unusual seeing a Filipino together with a foreigner. On the other hand, 25 out of 100 or 25% of the respondents do find it unusual. Analysis The results show that interracial relationships aren’t considered to be as scarce as they used to be in the past. Therefore, it is somewhat safe to say that interracial marriages aren’t considered as uncommon as well. It also goes to show that these days the Filipino people are exploring other cultures and they aren’t scared of criticism since one would easily spot an interracial couple in a public place, such as malls. Question #2: Why do you think they prefer to marry foreigners over fellow countrymen? Table #2 Respondents’ Opinion as to Why Some Filipinos Prefer to Marry Foreigners over Fellow Filipinos N= 141 |Response |Frequency |Percentage | |Because foreigners can provide a life of |65 |46% | |luxury for these Filipinos | | | |Because they want to move out of the |33 23% | |country | | | |They just happen to love them |21 |15% | |Because of Physical appearance |12 |9% | |Other |10 |7% | | | |Total 100% | Graph #2 [pic] Interpretation The figures above show that 46% think that some Filipinos choose to marry foreigners over fellow Filipinos because believe that these foreigners can provide them with a life of luxury. 23% assume that they do it because they want to move out of the country. There are 15% who feel that these Filipinos just happen to love their foreign partners. There are also 9% who think that these Filipinos chose foreigners over Filipinos because of physical appearance. The last 7% have other reasons. Analysis Life and luxury takes the highest position to why people prefer to marry foreigners over fellow countrymen. This is maybe because of the situation the country is in now. It has also been found out from the research and gathered data that ‘wants’ are big priorities with this issue. In this survey, of the gathered data above, these marriages work out well because the couple can find beneficial things and they can adjust to the situation. Question #3: What do you think are the most probable reason for their marriages? Table #3 Respondents’ Opinion for the Most Probable Reason for Their Marriages N= 175 Response |Frequency |Percentage | |Love |20 |11% | |Money |39 |22% | |Convenience (to live in a good house, live |58 |24% | |a life of luxury) | | | |To get out of the country |30 |17% | |To have beautiful offspri ng |14 |8% | |Others |14 |8% | | | |Total 100% | Graph #3 [pic] Interpretation The data shows that 11% percent of them think that the reason is because of love. There 22% of them think that it is because of money. 24% is because of the convenience to live in a good house and to have a life of luxury. There are 17% of them who thinks that it is because that the Filipinos could have the chance to get out of the country. There are also 8% of them who thinks that it is because they could have a beautiful offspring. The last 8% have other reasons. Analysis In the data the highest percentage is that of the convenience to live in a good house and to have a life of luxury. The second highest rate of percentage is money. With these two having the highest tallies, it makes a speculation as to what these marriages are really about, because it seems to be based more on money than on love. Question #4: What do you think are the Factors That Make Interracial Marriages Difficult? Table #4 Respondents’ Opinion on What Make Interracial Marriages Difficult N= 118 Response |Frequency |Percentage | |Money |22 |19% | |Cultural Differences |75 |63% | |Location of residence |19 |16% | |Others |2 |2% | | | |Total 100% | Graph #4 [pic] Interpretation The data shows that there are 19% of them who think that it is because of money. 63% thinks that it is because of the cultural differences. 16% of the data shows that it is because of the location of residents. The last 2% percent have their own personal reasons. Analysis In the data the highest percentage is because of cultural differences. This shows that no matter how much you love each other, there will always be problems, and the problems that occur between these couples are cause by the fact that they were brought up in two different worlds. Question #5: What do you think the foreigners find in their Filipino partners? Table #5 Response |Frequency |Percentage | |Love |32 |27% | |Companionship |78 |67% | |Others |7 |6% | | | |Total 100% | Graph #5 [pic] Interpretation The data shows that majority, 67% of our respondents think that it’s companionship that foreigners find in their Filipino partners, 27% thinks that it’s love, and the remaining 6%, on others. Analysis The data goes to show that majority think that these foreigners find companionship in their Filipino partners. And given the fact that Filipinos are very hospitable people, it really doesn’t seem such a surprise why they would choose Filipinos for companionship. Question #6: Do you think interracial marriages work out well? Table #6 Respondents’ Opinion on Whether or Not Interracial Marriages Work Out N= 100 |Response |Frequency |Percentage | |Yes |63 |63% |No |36 |36% | |It depends |1 |1% | | | |Total 100% | Graph #6 [pic] Interpretation The table and graph above show that 63 out of 100 of 63% of the respondents do believe that interracial marriages can work out. On the other hand 36% believe that these marriages will not last and 1% said that it would d epend. Analysis This shows that majority think these marriages do work out while a few believe that they don’t. A very small minority says that it would just really depend. This gives the impression that maybe these marriages do work out given that majority suppose so as well. Question #6. 1: If YES Table #6. 1 Respondents’ Opinions as to Why Interracial Marriages Work Out Well N= 118 |Response |Frequency |Percentage | |Love conquers all |19 |46% | |If one finds something in the marriage |95 |81% | |beneficial, he/she will have to adjust to | | | |his/her spouse | | |Others |4 |3% | | | |Total 100% | Graph #6. 1 [pic] Interpretation The graph and table above show that 81% of the 63 who answered that interracial marriages will work out think that these marriages will work out most likely because if one finds something in the marriage beneficial, he/she will have to adjust to his/her spouse. 16% had the idea that love conquers all while 8% had other things in mind. Analysis This shows that most of the respondents think that these Filipinos and foreigners will adjust to their spouses if they find something in their marriage beneficial. A few think that love conquers all while the rest thought otherwise. This goes to show that a lot of people think these marriages are based on convenience rather that love. However; despite that, these marriages will work for the reason that if they find something which could be of their advantage in the wedlock, they would just have to be flexible and understand each other. Question #6. 2: If NO Table #6. 1 Respondents’ Opinions as to Why Interracial Marriages Will Not Work Out Well N= 74 |Response |Frequency |Percentage | |They were brought up into different world, |29 |39% |they wouldn’t understand each other | | | |If the relationship isn’t based on love, it|42 |57% | |won’t last | | | |Others |3 |4% | | | |Total 100% | Graph #6. 2 [pic] Interpretation The data shows that 57% of the respondents who didn’t think interracial marriages work out had the idea that if the relationship wasn’t based on love in the first place, that relationship wouldn’t last. On the other hand, 39% of the respondents said that being brought up into different cultures would be a hindrance to the relationship while 4% though otherwise. Analysis The data shows that majority think that these relationships wouldn’t last because they weren’t based on love whilst another minority thinks differently. If related to the previous analyses, this gives the impression that maybe these marriages aren’t really based on love after all. Question #7: How do you think these marriages would affect the Philippine society? Table #7 Respondents’ Opinions as to How Interracial Marriages Would Affect the Philippine Society N= 108 |Response |Frequency Percentage | |It will make us lose our identities as |30 |28% | |Filipinos | | | |The Filipino people will be branded as |50 |46% | |â€Å"Gold Diggers† | | | |Others |28 |26% | | | |100% | Graph #7 [pic] Interpretation The figures above show that out of the 3 given choices for possible effects in terracial marriages would bring about, majority think that the Filipino people will be branded as â€Å"Gold Diggers† with a frequency of 50 over 108 or 46%. The idea that Filipinos would lose their identities follows with the frequency of 30 over 108 or 28%. The remaining 26% fall under the category others. Analysis The table and graph above show that most people think that these marriages would make other nations brand us as â€Å"Gold Diggers† while only a few think that we’d lose our identities. Another minority also think otherwise. This gives the impression that these marriages are based on money or else they wouldn’t think that these marriages would make other nations brand us as so. It also gives the impression that Filipinos have a strong sense of character since only a few worry of Filipinos losing their identities. Question #8: All in all do you think these marriages are for the better or worse of the country? Table #8 Respondents’ Opinion if Interracial Marriages are for the Better or Worse of the Country N= 100 Response |Frequency |Percentage | |Better |78 |78% | |Worse |18 |18% | |Neither |4 |4% | | | |Total 100% | Graph#8 [pic] Interpretation From the data above, it can be seen that 78 out of 100 or 78% believe that interracial marriages are for the b etter of the Philippines. The thought that these marriages are for the worse of the country come in second with a frequency of 18 over 100 or 18%. The remaining 4% think neither. Analysis The table and graph above show that most people think that these marriages would actually be good of the Philippines. A few think that they are actually far the worse while another minority thinks neither. This goes to show that a lot of people are optimistic about what interracial marriages will bring about to the Philippine society. Summary Interracial marriages have augmented as the years have gone by, even though it was once considered a grave taboo. This study has been conducted as to see what the people currently living in the Cebu Province think of these interracial marriages and how it might affect the Philippine society. The researchers have gone through various tasks. Once the researchers have decided on having interracial marriages and their effects to the Philippine society as a topic, they had it approved and started to research on anything they could find on interracial marriages. They made use of different resources such as books, magazines, newspapers and the internet to acquire more knowledge on the topic in order to draw out a problem. They then chose a survey type of research to find the answer to it. They then made the first chapter which contains the introduction, the statement of the problem, the review of related literature, the significance of the study, the scope and limitation, the definition of terms and the organization of the study. Then they have devised a questionnaire which should get the respondents’ opinion on the topic. After which the researchers determined the method of research they were to use for this term paper, the procedure they would follow, the instruments they would utilize, the environment they would cover and the subjects whose opinions they were going to ask of. Once they finished determining the following above, they put what they have settled on into writing. They distributed the questionnaires to the selected and random respondents and later retrieved them. Subsequently they recorded, graphed, interpreted, analyzed and concluded the data. Conclusion After many days and weeks of hard work which needed much patience, perseverance, endurance, sweat and blood, the researchers were able to arrive at certain conclusions which would answer the different objectives stated in the earlier chapter of the study. These days, it isn’t very unusual for most people to see a Filipino with a oreigner, because you can see a lot of these people in the malls, indicating that most of these couples are not afraid of exposing their relationships to the public and aren’t afraid of what people might think of them. Most of the respondents think that a life of luxury is the most probable reason for these interracial marriages and why these Filipinos choose to marry foreigners over their fellow countrymen. In any marriage, there will always be difficulties, but in an interracial one, the most likely reason which bought about their matrimonial problems would be because of their cultural differences, because these people have been brought up in two entirely different worlds. But a lot of people think that even if those interracial couple would face those kinds of dilemmas, their marriages would still work out well since they believe that if one finds something in the marriage beneficial, he/she would just have to adjust to his/her spouse. However, majority feel that with these kinds of marriages growing in number in the Philippines, the Filipino people would be branded as gold diggers, but nevertheless, most of the respondents believe that these marriages would be for the better of the country. These marriages are considered to be for the better of the Philippines by most respondents for various reasons. Some say that in a way, it will boost our economy and tourism, that it will lessen the overcrowding here in the Philippines, and that more beautiful Filipinos would be created that way. Recommendation There are a lot of factors to consider as to why these Filipinos have decided to tie the knot with their lovers from distant lands. Majority think that these Filipinos chose to wed these foreigners because these outsiders are the fastest ticket there is to living a life of luxury. Marriage is no joking matter, and to marry an individual who has grown up from an almost completely different lifestyle isn’t easy. These marriages will not only affect the families of the spouses, they will affect everybody in a way. The researchers would like to recommend this study to the following: o Interracial Couples (married or not) This study will definitely help them make the right decision as to where to take their relationships. With the insight of other people, they might be able to reflect if their liaison will actually take them somewhere. It will aid them in trying to understand each other, especially with the fact that they come from two totally different worlds, helping them adjust to one another so that they might not lose their identities. It might also help them prepare themselves for all possible consequences they might have to face, especially if their relationship is not based on love. o Teenagers Despite the fact that entering an interracial marriage (or any marriage for that matter) should be the farthest things on their minds as of the moment, this study should be able to prepare them for what action they should take before deciding to walk down the aisle. Hopefully, this study would also help them try to improve how other countries view o People who plan to enter an interracial marriage It might make them contemplate on the decisions they are about to make, especially on marrying a foreigner. It should make them aware that by entering these marriages, some people have branded us gold diggers. But more importantly, it should help them contemplate on what they would get themselves in to by getting wed to a foreigner. o Other Researchers With Similar Studies This study will help other researchers with similar studies because it will give them an idea of what to do in their research. It might also serve them as a basis of information. Bibliography Electronic Sources: Websites: Alouise, Nacy John. â€Å"Interracial Marriages and the Effects on Children. † Race, Racism and the Law. 1998. 5 Jan. 2006 . Beaver, Laura. â€Å"Interracial Relationships: A Historical Perspective. † Interracial Relationships. 2000. 28 Dec. 2005 . Lang, Susan S. â€Å"Interracial relationships are on the increase in U. S. , but decline with age, Cornell study finds. † Chronicle Online. 2 Nov. 2005. 5 Jan. 2006 . Le, C. n. â€Å"Interracial Dating & Marriage. † Asian-Nation: The Landscape of Asian America. 2005. 4 Jan. 2006 . Pramschufer, Megan. â€Å"Interracial Relationships of the Chinese Americans. † Interracial Relationships. 2000. 28 Dec. 2005 . Saia, Stefanie. The Transition to Romantic Relationships: Statistics on Interracial Marriage. † Interracial Relationships. 2000. 28 Dec. 2005 . Sailer, Steve. â€Å"Is Love Colorblind? † Steve Sailer-Articles & Blog on Human Biodiversity, Genetics, Sports, Race, Gender, Immigration. 14 Jul y 1997. 5 Jan. 2006 . Sailer, Steve. â€Å"On Interracial Marriage. † VDARE. 17 Sept. 2002. 5 Jan. 2006 . Sonnie, Heather. â€Å"Interracial Relationships with respect to the Caste System in India. † Interrcial Relationships. 2000. 28 Dec. 2005 . Print Sources: Magazines: Kintanar, Han. â€Å"Dreaming of A Happy Ending. † The Freeman Magazine Oct. 2002: g+. Books: Sung, Betty Lee. Chinese American Intermarriage. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1989.