The Brain Essays - Motor System, Neuroanatomy, Brainstem

The Brain Essays - Motor System, Neuroanatomy, Brainstem The Brain A.M.D.G 27th October 1996 The Brain By Manuel Socarrs In the central nervous system of animals, the brain is a segregated group of nerve cells, or neurones, within the cranium, or skull, in vertebrates, and within the head segment in lower forms of animals. The brain varies in size and complexity from rudimentary ganglia (a group of nerve-cell bodies) in the central nervous systems of primitive worms to the large and complex human brain. As the central control organ of the body, the brain governs the functioning of the body's other organs. Sensory nerve cells feed external and internal information from all parts of the body to the brain. At least four medical subspecialties have a primary concern with the human brain: neurology, psychobiology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. The average human brain at birth weighs 390 g (14 oz); its average maximum weight, reached at age 15, is 1,315 g (46 oz). The total number of neurones in the human brain is approximately 10 billion. In contrast, the brain of a whale may weigh more than 5 kg (11 lb.), four times as much as a human brain, and the brain of a grasshopper contains no more than a few thousand neurones. A theory has been proposed which states that behavioural capacity, a broad term indicating intelligence, is related not to the size of brain but to the index of cephalisationthe amount of brain tissue in excess of that required for transmitting impulses to and from the brain. Studies have shown that a progressive evolutionary encephalisation relative to body size occurs in vertebrates and culminates in humans. Of equal importance to encephalisation has been the evolutionary development of the human forebrain, a greatly expanded and convoluted mantle containing neuronal centres necessary for understanding and producing language, for conceptualisation and abstraction, for judgement, and for the capacity of humans to contemplate and influence their lives. ANATOMY AND FUNCTION Localisation of function is defined by two investigative techniques: ablation and stimulation. Ablation, the removal of a small area of the brain, may result in a neurological deficit that is considered in terms of a lost function, one that is assigned to the area of the brain that was ablated. In humans, correlation of the indications of brain dysfunction during life with lesions of the brain found at autopsy has added greatly to the Human Brain The human brain has three major structural components: the large dome-shaped cerebrum (top), the smaller somewhat spherical cerebellum (lower right), and the brainstem (centre). Prominent in the brainstem are the medulla oblongata (the egg-shaped enlargement at centre); and the thalamus (between the medulla and the cerebrum). The cerebrum is responsible for intelligence and reasoning. The cerebellum helps to maintain balance and posture. The medulla is involved in maintaining involuntary functions such as respiration, and the thalamus acts as a relay centre for electrical impulses travelling to and from the cerebral cortex. knowledge of localised functions. Movements and sensations can be produced in conscious humans by stimulating the brain electrically in appropriate areas. A portion of the skull may be removed (a craniotomy) under local anaesthesia, giving access to the brain in a conscious patient. Gray and white matter may be cut, stimulated, or cauterised without the patient experiencing pain. Apparently no nerve endings sensitive to pain exist within the brain substance. Large blood vessels supplying the brain and certain sensory nerves attached to the brain stem are pain sensitive. Brain Stem The most notable structures of the adult human brain are the brain stem, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres). The lowest, or most caudal, portion of the brain stem, the medulla oblongata, is continuous with the spinal cord. Above it, the pons bulges prominently and is continuous with the midbrain, into which the cerebral peduncles (stem-like connections) extend. The cerebral peduncles carry upper motor neurone fibres that originate in the cerebral cortex to the cell bodies of cranial nerves in the brain stem and to cells in the spinal cord, called lower motor neurones, which cause certain muscles to move. The brain stem contains all afferent and efferent nerve fibres between the spinal cord and the higher brain centres. Some upper motor neurone fibres cross in the brain stem, whereas others do not. Most cranial

Can the 365 Day Penny Challenge Help You Save Money

Can the 365 Day Penny Challenge Help You Save Money SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Saving money can be really hard. It’s also really important. If you don't, it can be impossible to reach your financial goals, whether purchasing a house or paying for your child’s college education. Saved money also helps pay for sudden, unexpected expenses, like a car repair or an surprise doctor’s bill. However, if you’re stuck in the trap of living paycheck to paycheck, saving money may seem totally out of the question. That’s where the penny challenge comes in! Designed to help you save nearly $700 in one year, the penny challenge makes saving money manageable and fun by breaking your goal into tiny daily payments. In this article, I’ll talk about how the penny challenge works, whether or not it’s a good way to save money, and offer tips to help you succeed if you try it. What’s the Penny Challenge? The 365 day penny challenge (or penny-a-day challenge) makes saving money easier and more manageable by having people deposit a small amount of money every day into a savings account or small jar. Basically, you start by depositing one penny into your savings on the first day of the challenge. The next day, you deposit two pennies. On the third day, you deposit three pennies. You keep increasing the amount of money you deposit by one penny every day, until you deposit $3.65 into the account on the final day. After a year of doing this, you’ll have saved $667.95. The penny challenge helps you save money in manageable small increments. Instead of struggling to put 20% of your paycheck into your savings account, or paying a larger amount of money into your account on a less regular basis, the 365 day penny challenge gets you into the habit of saving a small amount of money very regularly. Penny Challenge Printout Use this printout to keep track of how much money you should deposit into your savings account every day of the 365 day penny challenge. You can also download a larger, PDF version of this chart here: Penny Challenge PDF. Tips and Tricks for the Penny-a-Day Challenge Use these tips and tricks to make following the 365 day penny challenge easier and more fun. #1: Make Saving Easy and Fun Looking for extra motivation to make your savings exciting? Use a fun jar or piggy bank! Find a safe place in your house to put your makeshift savings account. Using a fun jar can incentivize saving money by making it fun and more game-like to deposit your pennies. You can also visualize your progress and see the physical fruits of your savings labor every day. If you'd rather deposit money into an online savings account or an account at your bank, you should try to minimize the frequency of your transactions. If you're depositing the money into a physical savings account, collect all the money from each day of the week in one place and designate a specific day of the week that you'll deposit that into your savings account at the bank. If you'd rather make online transactions, tally the money that you're supposed to deposit each week and transfer it from your checking to savings account in one transaction. You can schedule those online transactions ahead of time if you're worried about forgetting them. I'd highly recommend using a fun jar or piggy bank to save your money during the penny-a-day challenge. Depositing your money that way will make saving money more easy and automatic, since you won't have to make weekly trips to the bank or remind yourself to transfer funds online. #2: Deposit Your Money First Thing in the Morning One of the best things you can do to make the penny challenge easier for you is to get into the habit of depositing your money first thing in the morning. If you get into the habit of depositing money first thing in the morning, it’ll be easier for you to remember to do it every day. Turn saving money into a part of your morning routine, just like brushing your teeth or washing your face. That way, you’ll never forget to do it! It’s better to deposit money in the morning, rather than at night, because when you deposit money first thing in the morning, you won’t have encountered any opportunity to spend that money. If you wait until the end of the day to deposit your money, you may have already spent it on a movie ticket or dinner or other purchase. Depositing money first thing in the morning prioritizes saving over spending. #3: Track Your Progress A great way to motivate yourself is to track your progress. You can track your progress by watching your savings account online, or by updating a small card or placard near your piggy bank. You’ll be surprised how quickly the saved pennies add up, and tracking your progress can also motivate you to continue saving if you're struggling. #4: Place the Chart Somewhere Easy to See Worried about forgetting about the penny challenge? Print out our penny challenge print-out and paste it somewhere you’ll see it every day, like your refrigerator or your bathroom mirror. If you see the challenge every time you reach for a snack, you’ll be less likely to forget about it. Does the Penny Challenge Work? So, is the penny challenge actually effective at helping you save money? If you’ve failed at larger savings challenges, like the 52 week challenge or the bi-monthly challenge, the penny challenge is a solid way to save a bit of money every day, leading up to a decent savings account at the end of the year. Because the 365 day penny challenge requires depositing only a small amount of money every day, it’s a great way for people who struggle with money to start saving. Even if you’re living paycheck to paycheck, you can likely find several pennies every day to put into your savings account. Many people who do the penny challenge are absolute beginners at saving money - which is okay! The penny challenge helps you form a consistent habit of saving money by getting you into the practice of saving money everyday. The biggest con of the 365 day penny challenge is that it doesn’t ultimately save that much money. While $667.95 is a decent amount of savings, it won’t go very far in helping you pay for larger purchases, like a house or a car, or facing unexpected costs, like a hospital bill. You’ll need to eventually start putting away more money in order to fund any larger purchases. Review: How the Penny Challenge Can Help You Save Money The penny challenge is a great way for people who struggle with saving money to get into the habit of putting away a small amount of money each day. By saving pennies every day, you’ll build your savings account and develop smart habits about saving money.

The Time between Death and the Discovery of the Corpse Assignment

The Time between Death and the Discovery of the Corpse - Assignment Example This highlighted the aim of the study to show the importance of considering the effects of larval crowding that could cause PMI errors during casework. It was found out that increased larval crowding resulted in faster development of C. vomitoria and the size of C. vomitoria that could cause overestimation and underestimation of PMI respectively if not accounted for during casework. The major limitation of this research is that the study only explored development during larval stages. This means that further investigations are needed before making direct comparisons with the results. Moreover, comparison with other studies was difficult because the muscle used in each experiment had a different origin and was likely to cause variation in the results. The consideration of space available to larvae within a culture affects competitive interactions would be required. The research had several strengths while conducting the research. The researchers ensured that food was always in excess so that competitive effects could be ruled out. They also reared the cultures in different pig tissue enabling them to determine the development rate at different larval densities in cultures reared in the brain, liver, and muscle while keeping the experimental conditions identical. The effects of larval crowding at three intervals on each of the three tissues were observed for the greatest changes in body tissues. It was found out that the brain was the least nourishing and due to lower protein levels and higher water content, there was rapid consumption compared to the other tissues. In conclusion, the research was justified because it effectively gave light to how overcrowding during larval stages of development resulted in a competitive feeding environment, therefore, affecting size, development rate, and survival.  

The Implemention of Enterprise Resource Planning in China Essay

The Implemention of Enterprise Resource Planning in China - Essay Example The literature review is divided into 3 sections. The first section explains the four approaches proposed for implementing I.S. The second section explains the 6 C.S.F for implementing ERP systems as explained by Yingjie.The third section explains the H.D.N.C. This is when an I.S is implemented at a particular geographical area or a particular branch of an organisation . Due to the fact the system is implemented with a small group of people, this method facilitates the identification of unforeseen disruption in the implementation of large scale I.S.  This is when the legacy and the new system   are operated simultaneously. The parallel approach is expensive   to manage but facilitates in case of unforeseen disruptions or when the new system fails. In this case, the company are still able to achieve organisational objectives with the legacy system.  This is when an I.S is implemented in a Big Bang or urgent manner. This will entail closing the old system at a particular day an d launching the new system the next day. Although this approach minimises costs (the transition cost and the operation cost) it is risky and could easily lead to system failure.  In order for ERP system implementation to be successful, the shared vision of the organisation and role of the new system and structures should be communicated between managers and employees Top management has a significant role to play in ERP implementation. The roles of top management in IT implementation include encouraging the keen comprehension of the competencies and weaknesses of IT.

Significance of Literacy Essay Example for Free

Significance of Literacy Essay Good afternoon my fellow students, and to our beloved teacher, Mrs. Leny Ibon. For you, what is literacy? Is it really important in one’s life? How can it help everyone? Well these questions will be answer by this speech. So please, lend me you ears in just a few minutes. For me, literacy is all about possessing the skills of reading and writing. Reading and writing is the right of everyone. By studying, people upgrade their mind about literacy with the help of the teachers. Reading and writing are the basic skills discussed and developed by the teachers because these are the major part in students’ life. In reading, the instructor or teachers teaches first the alphabet. They are training the children to read perfectly. In writing, the teacher train the students to write beautifully and legibly. Literacy is important in one’s life. Because, by reading and writing you can know what is good or bad. Based on the second paragraph, literacy is the basic studies of the students. If you don’t know the basic, you can’t go to the next topic because it will cause a suffering on you in the reason of it is hard. If you know about this, you can also understand how to use languages properly. When you’re knowledgeable, you can easily get job after you finish your studies that will lead you in a better life. It is also important in our life because if we know about literacy we will also know the right of everyone, the laws and the freedom of speech. Reading and writing can help us to get many information. As I said, if we go to school, the faculties will teach us the good manners and attitudes. After we graduate from high school and college, of course we will look for a job. When we get a job, we can moderately show our good attitudes based on what your parents and teachers teach you. All of these starts on literacy. That’s how literacy helps everyone. As I conclude, literacy is important and it can help us everywhere and everything. For me, literacy has good effects depends on the person if he or she doesn’t think of being lazy. It also has a good effects if we’re going to use it in a right way of living. God gave us knowledge ang wisdom to live in accordance to His will. That’s how literacy is so important. So we need to pay more attention on this matter. We also need to pursue our studies and reach our goal. Literacy is the key to our success.  thanks ..

Physician assisted suicide :: essays research papers

The Effects of Assisted Suicide Legalization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While slowly experiencing an eventual death, the pain of a life-threatening disease is unbearable. The constant anguish of a helpless cancer patient, Richard, is driving away all sanity. As he lies there on the hospital bed near his family, Richard finally makes a grave decision. He decides to call upon a physician to end his pain. The doctor would give him medication which would lead to an inevitable death. As he knows he is going to die within a few weeks anyway, Richard questions the doctor about the medication. â€Å"Just give me the word, and I will hand it over to you,† the doctor says. â€Å"Let me add, however, that even though it may be an option, do you think it is morally right?† The doctor is obviously an honest, noble man who gives all of his patients his sincere opinion. That, in most cases, is not common in a doctor’s character. Richard is left with those words from the doctor and given time to talk about the situation with his family. After a long discussion, they realize that life is a privilege and should not be taken by choice, no matter how intense the pain is. Weeks later, at Richard’s funeral, the family feels proud of him for enduring the agonizing experience and to die naturally. The choice of physician assisted suicide may be an irrelevant issue to some, but when it comes to terminally ill patients, it is definitely an observable option. These people must realize that taking a life, whether someone else’s or their own, is dishonorable. Assisted suicide should be against the law in all states because it would have an affect on medical procedures, persuade doctors to make the wrong decisions, and change the morality of people around the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people of this country are partially represented by the United States Supreme Court. In fact, the United States Supreme Court is going to become the final judge of this important issue because two United States Court of Appeals decisions have recently ruled laws forbidding physician-assisted suicide unconstitutional (Court 1). There is no doubt that the effect of the speculations by the highest court in this country on physician-assisted suicide will be as important as anyone has witnessed in a long while. Physician-assisted suicide is one of the most controversial medical issues there is. Although a recent poll shows that 64 to 73 percent of Americans believe doctors should be admitted to end the lives of terminally ill patients under their permission, Americans may not realize what could actually happen if

Analysis of Attitudes to Student Housing

Chapter ONE Introduction: 1.1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Student lodging is an indispensable constituent of the substructure of any university campus. They are even more of import in a private university. It is of import that pupil lodging installations should let pupils to transport out their academic activities freely while promoting societal interaction. Completed residential edifices should non merely be fit for the intent of the users, but besides be able to execute their maps in such ways as to guarantee comparative occupants ’satisfaction ( Liu, 1999 ) . Research has shown that designers and edifice users’ differ in their criterions or thoughts about the manner edifices should look or run. The designer is normally concerned with aesthetics, economic system, structural stableness, functionality, fulfilling the client ; while the user is chiefly concerned with how best the edifice accommodates his activities. It is necessary for betterment of the design procedure particularly in structured establishments with the possible to transport out similar design and building undertakings that an rating of the public presentation of their existing installations is carried out. The consequence of certain physical and psychological facets of a edifice on the users’ productiveness can non be understated. It is necessary that an appraisal of pupil inn installations and their functionality be carried out. This formal rating of the built environment is called â€Å"Post Occupancy Evaluation ( POE ) † and it is the rating of a edifice with accent placed on its functional characteristics instead than the aesthetics, proficient and economical characteristics entirely. Post Occupancy Evaluation aims to enable clients, determination shapers, and operators of assorted installations to supply better environments for clients, residents, and users ( Cubukcu and Isitan, 2011 ) . Student perceptual experiences can be assessed in footings of both proficient ( i.e. , acoustic and ocular comfort ) and functional ( i.e. , room coatings and room layout ) demands. However, proficient and functional edifice public presentations are considered as two different facets that can be used to explicate student residential satisfaction ( Hassanain, 2008 cited in Akinluyi, 2013 ) . Similar surveies ( Foubert et Al, 1998, Amole, 2009a & A ; Khozaei et al. , 2010 ) in utilizing a different attack have factored in direction of the installations, this includes elements such as inn regulations and fees and the attitudes of inn employees. Several factors can be used to measure overall satisfaction with pupil lodging, including physical variables such as installations and excess services ( Hassanain, 2008 ) . Social variables such as pupil relationships, herding and privateness may besides be considered as factors used to measure user satisfaction. This systematic method evaluates the success and failures of completed design undertakings. Such information could be utilized:To better the completed and future design undertakings by better informing the interior decorators of the users’ demands and better bing edifice public presentation by modifying care and direction patterns.To make an indifferent memory for specific types of design undertakings ( such as infirmary and airdrome design or design of a university campus ) .To develop design guidelines for future design undertakings.1.2STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Many edifices do non execute as planned, some end up functioning an wholly different intent from that for which ground they were constructed. In some instances this can impact on running costs and care, user and client satisfaction and public presentation, wellness, safety and comfort. Harmonizing to Akinluyi ( 2013 ) , for repetition building clients such as universities, larning from, and rectifying past errors in design and commissioning of edifices can be highly cost-efficient and better the public presentation of the establishment in general, its installations in peculiar and greatly better all-around productiveness of the pupils. Housing installations, as before stated, is particularly of import in universities and it is of import that these installations meet the demands of the user for maximal user satisfaction. Harmonizing to Awolesi ( 2008 ) , designs are being constrained by utmost boundaries of cost and economic system, aesthetic considerations, the infinite demands of the clients, or as prevalent in establishments, the demand to do the edifice reflect the bing architectural manner of its immediate environment or typology and this consequences in constructions that sometimes compromise criterions and most times do non see the demands of the proposed users. While there is a demand for considerations of economic system, aesthetics and the of import demands of the client, the users’ demands do non hold to be sacrificed wholly. Residents’ satisfaction is one of the major determiners of edifice public presentation, quality and the success of the design undertaking. This survey seeks to analyze the degree of satisfaction of pupils with the lodging installations provided by the school. In peculiar, it investigates the first male and female inns built by the Physical Planning and Development Department of the Covenant University and the degree of satisfaction of pupils with the infinites provided within the halls. 1.3RESEARCH QUESTIONSHow functional are the infinites provided within the halls?How do pupils react to the infinites in footings of satisfaction?Does gender impact the degree of user satisfaction of pupils?1.4AIM AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this survey is to measure the station tenancy use of two of the pupil inn installations in Covenant University as it relates to the degree of satisfaction of the pupils with the inn installations and how much these responses are determined by the gender of the pupils. To accomplish this purpose, the more specific aims are:To analyze the inn installations ( viz. Esther Hall and Peter Hall ) in footings of users’ satisfaction.To measure the students’ usage and response to these installations and the infinites within.To analyze how much this reaction is determined by the gender of the pupils.To analyze the quality of the students’ lodging based on the users’ responses and satisfaction with the installations.1.5Justification OF THE STUDY This survey is of import because the pupil lodging installations are an of import portion of the built environment in university campuses. This is particularly so in private universities peculiarly where it is compulsory for all pupils to shack on the campus in inn installations provided by the school. It will measure to what extent the gender of pupils affect the usage and perceptual experience of the infinites within the inn installations and the installations in general and how these infinites can be better adapted to accommodate the demands and demands of the different genders without giving economic system in design and execution ( i.e. building ) . This survey will assist to measure the success of completed design undertakings and measure the extent to which the designers’ purpose and outlooks are aligned with the users’ demands. 1.6Significance OF THE STUDY The survey is aimed at measuring the degree of user satisfaction of pupils in Esther and Peter Halls in Covenant University. It will measure how good the edifices match the demands of the male and female pupils and place ways to better public presentation and fittingness for intent. It will besides analyze the consequence of gender on user response to infinites in footings of satisfaction. The survey will therefore add to the organic structure of cognition every bit good as inform University decision makers on how to student inns can be better designed to accommodate the demands of the pupils. It will besides supply feedback on the degree of satisfaction of the users of the pupil inns being studied. 1.7Scope OF THE STUDY The survey will measure the types of inn installations available in Covenant University with focal point on Esther Hall and Peter Hall. Covenant University is a private university located in Sango-Ota. It was founded in 2002 by the Living Faith Commission in Canaan land, Ota. The University has 4 chief colleges. They are: the College of Business, College of Leadership and Developmental Studies, College of Science and Technology and College of Engineering. The University is good planned with clearly defined subdivisions such as the residential country, academic country, and recreational countries amongst others. The University is to the full residential ( for the pupils ) with 10 inn installations ( 5 male and 5 female inns ) provided to decently house the increasing pupil population. The male inns are the: Peter Hall, Paul Hall, John Hall, Joseph Hall and Daniel Hall. The female inns are: Esther Hall, Mary Hall, Deborah Hall, Lydia Hall and Dorcas Hall. Esther and Peter Hall are the oldest inn installations, built when the school was founded in 2002. These halls have the same design but are occupied by pupils of the two genders. The survey will measure the public presentation of the infinites provided in these halls based on the degree of pupil satisfaction. 1.8LIMITATIONS OF STUDY Due to the nature of the survey, the following are the restrictions that were experienced:The rawness of the research worker.The unanticipated response of users/occupants.Insufficient clip. The clip restraint was a major restriction.1.9RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This survey will basically utilize primary beginnings of information. Data was obtained from occupant pupils across assorted programmes of survey within the capable halls of abode utilizing structured questionnaires. Randomization is achieved by administering these questionnaires across the assorted wings and floors in the halls of abode in a systematic manner. There are 7 wings in each of the halls with 4 floors and 8 suites on each floor, except for A and G wings with 5 suites on each floor. The questionnaires will be distributed to at least 2 pupils on each floor. 1.10DEFINITION OF TERMS Appraisal: This is a opinion of a edifice based on certain selected standards. Constructing Performance: This is the mode in which a edifice maps. It has different facets some of which are quantitative in nature while others are qualitative. Some of these facets are ; energy direction, life-cycle costing, illuming, acoustics, humidness, thermic comfort and spacial relationships. Gender: Gender may be defined as the belongingss that distinguish beings on the footing of their generative functions. Post-Occupancy Evaluation: Preiser et Al. ( 1988 ) defines Post-Occupancy Evaluation as ‘the procedure of measuring edifices in a systematic and strict mode after they have been built and occupied for some time’ . Friedman ( Friedman et al, 1978 ) defines Post Occupancy Evaluation from an anthropometric position as â€Å"an assessment of the grade to which a designed scene satisfies and supports explicit and implicitly human demands and values of those for whom a edifice is designed† Student Housing: Khozaei et Al. ( 2010 ) define pupil lodging as a dumbly populated constructing with many suites in which each room contains several beds. Harmonizing to this definition, pupil lodging installations provide kiping and populating quarters, normally without private bathrooms or lavatories, for a big figure of people. It normally consists of many communal infinites such as baths, washs and in some instances common suites. Student lodging goes by many names, such as halls of abode, pupil residence hall and inns. User Satisfaction: User satisfaction is a procedure of mensurating what was received and what was expected. It is the positive experience expressed by residents when their lodging installation meets their outlooks for unit characteristics, services and installations provided.

Curriculum Guide for Spoken Language and Word Recognition Essay

Spoken language and word recognition are two language components that bear relevance for the development of language skills. This kind of development normally occurs during childhood but it also happens when a person attempts to learn a language or languages that are foreign to him or her. A special education guided with a comprehensive curriculum is important for the proper development and improvement of the individual’s language skills. Spoken language is a very important subject because it teaches the natural language used by a person. Most of the human languages are spoken languages. Spoken language is done through the mouth and the vocal cords that enable the person to speak and create a message which sets it apart from the sign language and written language which is carried out through signs and writing systems, respectively. The development of oral or spoken language normally occurs without formal teaching. It develops through exposure to the spoken language. The oral language is also the foundation of the reading and written language (â€Å"Spoken Language Problems†, 2000). People use the spoken language to express ideas, opinions and feelings. It is also utilized to confirm understanding of the instructions and opinions of other people. Individuals also learn to use the spoken language to interact and communicate with others (Cable, 2005). Word recognition is also an important part of the language development. It is the process of recognizing words automatically, the same way that people recognize familiar faces. Word recognition is vital in education because it enhances reading fluency and comprehension and skills that are essential in students’ education development and improvement. If students are taught of word recognition, they will easily understand the text’s meaning (Hong, n. d. ). Instructional Goals After taking this course, the student must; †¢ Acquire full understanding on the various facets of language. †¢ Learn how to speak and communicate fluently utilizing the spoken language. †¢ Learn how to easily recognize words in text. †¢ Show improvement on the following aspects: ? Language Proficiency ? Reading Skills ? Reading Comprehension Learning Activities There are various ways to teach the students of spoken language and word recognition. The two areas of the course will have their own learning activities to fully focus on the students’ needs in order to appropriately and properly learn the spoken languages and word recognition. Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities for Spoken Language In the area of spoken language, it is important to be always engaged in conversations in order to practice the communication skills and utilization of the language of the students. One way to make students practice their spoken language is through oral presentation. A good oral presentation involves the acquisition of the attention of your audience and careful planning of the topic to be presented (â€Å"Oral Presentation†, n. d. ). The students must choose a topic that they will present in class; however, the subject should still be within the prerogative of the teacher. Through the process of oral presentation, the students will be able to practice their spoken language and hone their communication skills, particularly, public speaking or speaking in front of an audience. The teacher can also make them present a well-researched topic that will hone their research skills. Another strategy of teaching the students the spoken language is to let them form in pairs or in groups and let them report on a particular topic. Through this process, it will enhance the friendly relationship among the students. It will also practice their spoken language by speaking in front of the class. The teachers, on the other hand, will need to model the forms and functions of spoken and written language, and provide opportunities for oral presentations as aforementioned so that the students can develop their understanding of how the language changes when it is presented in different ways and in different contexts (Cable, 2005). Furthermore, successful learning is highly dependent on the classroom social condition. The teacher must establish a place where students can minimize their inhibitions to interact with each other and to encourage them to perform really well in the classroom. Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities for Word Recognition In the area of word recognition, it is important to always encounter words, so reading is the primary source of new and unfamiliar words to the students. There are strategies that the mentor can employ to improve word recognition to students. In the classroom, the teacher can put a word wall of unfamiliar words encountered by the students. This will help the students to widen their vocabulary, at the same time teaching them of the correct spelling, definition, use and pronunciation of the word (Hong, n. d. ). The teacher can also initiate word games to the students. The words can be taken from the word wall and lie them face down on the floor. After the signal, the students will pick up a word and define it and use it in a sentence. Through this process, they will improve both their word recognition and spoken language. The teacher can also assign a reading material to the students every week to keep them reading in order to hone their reading skills and reading comprehension. Evaluation Techniques After a period of time, it is important to assess the performance and skills of the students to know if they are truly learning and improving. It is important to evaluate the skills of the students in utilizing techniques that will cover the various aspects of the course. One of the evaluation techniques that can be employed in evaluating the students’ learning in the area of spoken language is to make them recite and assess them using an evaluation form with the following criteria; †¢ Fluency †¢ Good pronunciation of words †¢ Accuracy †¢ Confidence speaking in front of an audience The teacher may also add other criterion that seems vital in evaluating the students’ spoken language performance. Every criterion will be rated with the usual grading system as a form of assessment. The evaluation of a student will be highly objective if the teacher will invite a school administrator and other students to also assess the student’s performance. This way, the instructor will have three perspectives in evaluating the student. Evaluating the skills in word recognition is quite easy than that of the spoken language area. The teacher can employ creative quizzes and exercises to assess the students’ skills in word recognition. Word search puzzles can be used, wherein they will look for the words and encircle them within the time limit. The teacher can also employ exercises utilizing the aforementioned learning activities such as the word wall. The teacher may jumble the letters of the word and ask the students to spell the words correctly. The cores on the quizzes and the exercises will reflect their improvement on word recognition. Resources In this course, books are not really important since these are aspects of language that are taught through interpersonal activities. However, pertinent sources of information where the teachers got their instructional materials should be mentioned to the students for them to cope on the lesson. Suggested Readings: Department for Education and Skills (DfES) & Qualifications Curriculum Authority (QCA). (2003). Speaking, Listening, Learning: working with children in Key Stages 1 and 2. Handbook. London : DfES Publications. Cambers, J. Ready, set, read. (2003). Tucson, Arizona: Zephyr Press. References Cable, C. (2005, October 2). Spoken Language. National Association for Language Development in the Curriculum. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www. naldic. org. uk/ITTSEAL2/teaching/SpokenLanguage. cfm. Hong, S. J. (n. d. ). Word Knowledge: Sight Word Recognition. Literacy at School and Home. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://mason. gmu. edu/~cwallac7/TAP/TEST/knowledge/2. html. Oral Presentation. (n. d. ). English for Professional Communication. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://ec. hku. hk/epc/presentation/. Spoken Language Problems. (2000, April 20). KidSource Online. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www. kidsource. com/LDA/spoken_language. html.

Marijuana Laws essays

Marijuana Laws essays Drug use and abuse is by no means a new phenomenon, but in the United States the problems associated with drugs has recently received much attention in the media, in politics, and in the scientific communities. In particular, drug use among teenagers has been the focus of many studies. Eric Sterling notes that "illegal drugs such as heroin and marijuana were more easily available to high school seniors in 1998 than at any time in history," suggesting that drug control measures issued by the US government are failing miserably. Marijuana has received the strictest criticism of all the drugs in the illegal pharmacopeias, ostensibly because it is the most popular illicit substance. An estimated 76% of Americans aged twelve and over who use illicit drugs use marijuana; almost half of these people don't imbibe any other drug like cocaine or heroin (NIDA). The news is peppered with drug-related death stories, most of which ironically do not involve marijuana use but "harder" drugs like cocaine, crack, heroin, amphetamines, and "designer" or "club" drugs like ecstasy and crystal methamphetamine (crystal meth for short). On the contrary, marijuana has no known overdose level. Still, the War on Drugs, which began decades before Ronald Reagan officially launched the campaign, largely targets marijuana, its users, buyers, and sellers. Officially classified as a drug with no known medical benefits, marijuana has not received any worthwhile laboratory treatment or objective scientific analysis as opiates or cocaine has; many prescription pharmaceuticals pose greater health and addiction risks than the hardy weed known botanically as cannabis sativa. The real drug problem in the United States, therefore, is not the widespread use of marijuana, although marijuana use does incur many detrimental psychological and physical side effects. Rather, the drug epidemic in America is bolstered and propagated ...

Au Cas Où - French Expression Explained

Au Cas Oà ¹ - French Expression Explained The French expression Au cas oà ¹ (pronounced [o ka oo], note that there is no liaison between cas and oà ¹) literally translates  to in the case where Explanation and Examples The French expression au cas oà ¹ is exactly equivalent to (just) in case in English. You can use it in front of a subject plus verb in the conditional, in which case its register is normal to formal. The more interesting - and informal - usage is when its tacked on to the end of a sentence. If you dont already use au cas oà ¹ regularly, you soon will.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Au cas oà ¹ il rentrerait avant nous, je vais lui laisser un mot.  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Just) in case he gets home before us, Im going to leave him a note.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apporte un parapluie, au cas oà ¹ il pleuvrait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bring an umbrella, (just) in case it rains.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apporte un blouson, au cas oà ¹.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bring a jacket, just in case. Synonymous Expressions For au cas oà ¹ conditional: dans le cas oà ¹des fois quepour le cas oà ¹ For the informal au cas oà ¹ at the end of a sentence: tout hasardpour le cas oà ¹

Pros and cons of death penelty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros and cons of death penelty - Research Paper Example s a legal sentence that acts as a strong deterrence to the criminals who seldom desist from committing crime and are used to committing such heinous crimes such as murder and killing (Hood 211). The provision of death penalty scares away the people from engaging in such serious and inhuman crimes like murder and killing. It protects the society from the serious criminals who are incapable of mending their ways. It is a final resort against such criminals who are incapable of correcting their criminal tendencies. (2) The one other advantage of death penalty is that it assures that a criminal gets full and complete justice. Since the consequences of death penalty are irreversible, the legal system looks to it that the varied aspects of a crime are seriously considered before an individual is given a death penalty (Hood 179). (3) It is the duty of the criminal justice system to look to it that a criminal gets appropriately punished for the heinous crime committed by one. The provision of death penalty assures that a criminal gets suitably and appropriately punished in consonance with the inhumanity and gravity of the crime committed by one (Anckar 59). (4) Death penalty is also appropriate as it brings a sense of final closure to the family members and friends of the victims who are subjected to serious crimes. It gives a sense of solace to their families that the justice has been met with in a suitable and time bound manner (Anckar 119). (ca) The one big objection against death penalty is that it is deemed to be inhuman and immoral (Haines 62). It is owing to the inhuman and immoral nature of the death penalty that this legal provision has been banned in Europe and in many other nations. (cc) One other objection against death penalty is that it is highly susceptible to the quality and fairness of a trial (Haines 172). In case the trial in the case of a prisoner is not fairly conducted, it may subject one to a situation, the consequences of which can never be

Development and Strategy Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development and Strategy Project - Essay Example The project manager should first define the project and then work on building the projects work plan. For instance in this situation, the project is to set up a factory which deals in uPVC products and the company deals with both domestic and European markets. Since this project is a complex project, the project manager needs to gather the business requirements, help in designing the management system and also prepare tender documentation. The project manager also faces the challenge of appointment contractors, tender options and criteria and procedure for selecting contractors for tendering (Marsh 2007). Criteria and procedure for selecting contractors for tendering The procedure of contractor selection is a decision- making process, which involves a wide range decision criterion. The procedure may also include many decision-making parties. The decision will also be affected by the estimated value of the project. As for this case the project is a crucial project and contractor selec tion should be selected with a lot of caution. As the project manager getting the general information about the contractors, is a crucial move in this section since he, or she can investigate and assess the abilities of the contractors to carry out a job given to them. So as, to get the information required concerning the contractors, the contractors have to apply for the job and by doing so, they have to present the necessary information pertaining them. The project manager has an obligation of advertising the job opportunities, and states the different job categories that are available and state the qualifications of each post such as work experience. The posts may be such as manager and assistance manager. The project manager may select the contractors by interviewing them (Damster 2004). Appointments of contractors This is the section where the project manager appoints the contractors who have qualified to get the job. The contractor and the project manager must sign a contract form to show that they both have the same agreement according to the terms of the job. The appointment letter includes details of the contractor and the employer. The contractor details include a contact number, e-mail address, address, name, license card and eventually the contract service such as plumber specialist. The employer details include company name, address of the company, contacts, e-mail, and the acting agent and for this are the project managers. The appointment letter also includes the contractor’s insurance cover. The project manager must also include the mode of payment service whereby, there is inclusion of the terms of payment such as net 7 days or 30 days. Payment details must also be included whereby one states the mode of payment in which he or she will be using. Finally, the contractor and the agent of the company must sign at the end so that to show that they have all agreed on the terms stated on that agreement paper (Cohen 2008). Tender options A ten der is a structured invitation to sellers of property for the supply of goods and services. In tender options, there are two types of the tender which include open-tender and closed-tender. In an open-tender option, the offer to supply the goods and services may be accepted at any time during the tender period while in closed-tender option is where by the offer will only be considered when the tender period expires. As the project manage